Tudor Foreign Policy 1485-1603
Henry VII 1485-1509 Henry VIII 1509-1547 Edward VI 1547-1553 Elizabeth I 1558-1603
Mary I 1553-1558
In 1489 Henry raised an army against the Invasion: 1512 Henry sent 10,000 men to southwest Somerset inherited potentially ruinous Aimed to extradite England from war with France-
French to protect Brittany from French France. 1513 successful Battle of Spurs in north eastern Foreign policy from Henry. After English finances poor. Cateau-Cambresis, April
invasion in 1487. Brittany had enjoyed France. Therouanne and Tournai captured. But Tournai Somerset’s disasters with Scotland war 1559-peace treaty. France would retain Calais for
effective independence from France until was eventually sold back to French- at a loss. The with France was threatened in 1549. 8 years then restored to English control if peace
this point-fiefdom of the Crown. Henry renegotiated French pension was lost but Wolsey There was the prospect of a French had been maintained. Failure to return Calais-
worried about the threat a French recovered this and secured marriage between Henry’s invasion of southern England-Somerset £125,000. Accession of Francis II bought strong
controlled Brittany could pose to England younger sister Mary and Louis XII of France. Accession of vulnerable from rebellions. Catholic Guise faction to power-wished to use
and he felt a sense of obligation towards Francis I and Charles V in Spain-agreed the Treaty of Northumberland ended the war with Scotland as tool of French policy. See Scotland
the Bretons. Treaty of Redon, Feb 1489. Cambrai with Maximilian=England dangerously isolated. France and saved finance. below. 1560 Death of Francis II in December,
Anne and Maximilian-contracted marriage Wolsey ended isolation-Treaty of London in 1518-became Northumberland was forced to return Guises fell from power.
by proxy-desirable for Henry VII. Anne, Treaty of Perpetual Peace (England, France, Spain, HRE)- Boulogne-Henry VIII’s only territorial March 1562 conflict-Catholics and Protestants in
worried about prolonged resistance to the Pope-united Christian front. Friendship continued with gain in France. This was a humiliating France. Dudley and Leicester encouraged
French married Charles VIII of France. Henry agreeing to return Tournai to France and the French defeat but it also saved crown finances. Elizabeth –military pressure to ensure return of
Henry had suffered an immediate setback. agreed to pay a pension to England and keep Albany out of The French willing to pay £133,333 to Calais-she promised Huguenot (protestant) leader
France
But he did recover his position-invasion of Scotland. French change of attitude encouraged by recover port of Boulogne. Conde 6000 men and £30,000 loan as security.
France late in the season in 1492.henry Spanish king becoming HRE. The Field of the Cloth of Gold England was dragged into war against Huguenot army defeated and Conde captured.
knew Charles would seek peace as he had achieved little in diplomatic terms. In 1521 conflict arose France and Mary found herself more at Catholic Duke of Guise assassinated-both sides
interests in Italy. Treaty of Etaples, Nov between Francis and Charles. Wolsey negotiated the war with the papacy. The Pope was leaderless and united to drive English out of Le
1492-Charles withdrew support from Treaty of Bruges with Charles. Invasion: Henry sided with anti Spanish and had renewed Franco- Havre. Unfavourable peace settlement Treaty of
Warbeck + pension to Henry. Henry had Charles- invaded northern France in 1522 and 1523. The Spanish conflict. Mary declared war on Troyes, 1564. Elizabeth had lost the indemnity
defended dynastic and national interests campaigns gained little and cost a lot. Treaty of Amiens- France in 1557 following a landing at from Cateau-Cambresis and Calais-permanently-
and had improved his financial position. anti-imperial (Charles) alliance with the French-necessary Scarborough of French troops led by blow to prestige-she became very cautious to
as Henry and Wolsey were a weak and minor power in Thomas Stafford-grandson of Duke of supporting Protestant causes in Europe.
Europe. Invasion: Henry, desperate for glory in France Buckingham-executed by Henry VIII. Catholic League of France and Phillip II came to an
assembled a large army in 1544. Henry had agreed an Militarily the campaign had a promising agreement, Treaty of Joinville 1584 after the
alliance with Charles prior to this. Henry besieged Montruil start assisting the Spanish-successful troubles in the Netherlands. Elizabeth alarmed as
unsuccessfully but captured Boulogne. Charles made a siege of St Quentin. Disaster with the the Guise family led the Catholic League and now
separate peace treaty with Francis I. The French did not humiliating loss of Calais! No attempt Phillip II had no reason to support the Guise from
recapture Boulogne and the invasion of northern England to recapture. Attack on port of Brest supporting Mary Queen of Scots.
never materialised. Peace was agreed in 1546. also failed.
Henry VII 1485-1509 Henry VIII 1509-1547 Edward VI 1547-1553 Elizabeth I 1558-1603
Mary I 1553-1558
In 1489 Henry raised an army against the Invasion: 1512 Henry sent 10,000 men to southwest Somerset inherited potentially ruinous Aimed to extradite England from war with France-
French to protect Brittany from French France. 1513 successful Battle of Spurs in north eastern Foreign policy from Henry. After English finances poor. Cateau-Cambresis, April
invasion in 1487. Brittany had enjoyed France. Therouanne and Tournai captured. But Tournai Somerset’s disasters with Scotland war 1559-peace treaty. France would retain Calais for
effective independence from France until was eventually sold back to French- at a loss. The with France was threatened in 1549. 8 years then restored to English control if peace
this point-fiefdom of the Crown. Henry renegotiated French pension was lost but Wolsey There was the prospect of a French had been maintained. Failure to return Calais-
worried about the threat a French recovered this and secured marriage between Henry’s invasion of southern England-Somerset £125,000. Accession of Francis II bought strong
controlled Brittany could pose to England younger sister Mary and Louis XII of France. Accession of vulnerable from rebellions. Catholic Guise faction to power-wished to use
and he felt a sense of obligation towards Francis I and Charles V in Spain-agreed the Treaty of Northumberland ended the war with Scotland as tool of French policy. See Scotland
the Bretons. Treaty of Redon, Feb 1489. Cambrai with Maximilian=England dangerously isolated. France and saved finance. below. 1560 Death of Francis II in December,
Anne and Maximilian-contracted marriage Wolsey ended isolation-Treaty of London in 1518-became Northumberland was forced to return Guises fell from power.
by proxy-desirable for Henry VII. Anne, Treaty of Perpetual Peace (England, France, Spain, HRE)- Boulogne-Henry VIII’s only territorial March 1562 conflict-Catholics and Protestants in
worried about prolonged resistance to the Pope-united Christian front. Friendship continued with gain in France. This was a humiliating France. Dudley and Leicester encouraged
French married Charles VIII of France. Henry agreeing to return Tournai to France and the French defeat but it also saved crown finances. Elizabeth –military pressure to ensure return of
Henry had suffered an immediate setback. agreed to pay a pension to England and keep Albany out of The French willing to pay £133,333 to Calais-she promised Huguenot (protestant) leader
France
But he did recover his position-invasion of Scotland. French change of attitude encouraged by recover port of Boulogne. Conde 6000 men and £30,000 loan as security.
France late in the season in 1492.henry Spanish king becoming HRE. The Field of the Cloth of Gold England was dragged into war against Huguenot army defeated and Conde captured.
knew Charles would seek peace as he had achieved little in diplomatic terms. In 1521 conflict arose France and Mary found herself more at Catholic Duke of Guise assassinated-both sides
interests in Italy. Treaty of Etaples, Nov between Francis and Charles. Wolsey negotiated the war with the papacy. The Pope was leaderless and united to drive English out of Le
1492-Charles withdrew support from Treaty of Bruges with Charles. Invasion: Henry sided with anti Spanish and had renewed Franco- Havre. Unfavourable peace settlement Treaty of
Warbeck + pension to Henry. Henry had Charles- invaded northern France in 1522 and 1523. The Spanish conflict. Mary declared war on Troyes, 1564. Elizabeth had lost the indemnity
defended dynastic and national interests campaigns gained little and cost a lot. Treaty of Amiens- France in 1557 following a landing at from Cateau-Cambresis and Calais-permanently-
and had improved his financial position. anti-imperial (Charles) alliance with the French-necessary Scarborough of French troops led by blow to prestige-she became very cautious to
as Henry and Wolsey were a weak and minor power in Thomas Stafford-grandson of Duke of supporting Protestant causes in Europe.
Europe. Invasion: Henry, desperate for glory in France Buckingham-executed by Henry VIII. Catholic League of France and Phillip II came to an
assembled a large army in 1544. Henry had agreed an Militarily the campaign had a promising agreement, Treaty of Joinville 1584 after the
alliance with Charles prior to this. Henry besieged Montruil start assisting the Spanish-successful troubles in the Netherlands. Elizabeth alarmed as
unsuccessfully but captured Boulogne. Charles made a siege of St Quentin. Disaster with the the Guise family led the Catholic League and now
separate peace treaty with Francis I. The French did not humiliating loss of Calais! No attempt Phillip II had no reason to support the Guise from
recapture Boulogne and the invasion of northern England to recapture. Attack on port of Brest supporting Mary Queen of Scots.
never materialised. Peace was agreed in 1546. also failed.
