Epidemiology Exam - Measures of Effect in Epidemiology
With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions
2025
Absolute risk - The incidence of disease.
Relative risk (or risk ratio; RR) - Expresses how much more likely an exposed
person is to get the disease in comparison to an unexposed person.
Attributable risk (or risk difference) - The difference in risk between exposed and
unexposed groups.
Attributable risk percentage - [(RR - 1)/RR] × 100%
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) - The difference in risk that is attributable to the
intervention compared to a control.
Number needed to treat (NNT) - Number of individuals who need to be treated
for one patient to benefit.
Odds ratio (OR) - An estimate of relative risk that is used in case-control studies.
Hazard ratio (HR) - An estimate of the chances that an event occurs in the
treatment arm of a trial vs the nontreatment arm.
Survival analysis - Used to summarize the average time from one event to any
outcome that can occur only once during follow-up.
With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions
2025
Absolute risk - The incidence of disease.
Relative risk (or risk ratio; RR) - Expresses how much more likely an exposed
person is to get the disease in comparison to an unexposed person.
Attributable risk (or risk difference) - The difference in risk between exposed and
unexposed groups.
Attributable risk percentage - [(RR - 1)/RR] × 100%
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) - The difference in risk that is attributable to the
intervention compared to a control.
Number needed to treat (NNT) - Number of individuals who need to be treated
for one patient to benefit.
Odds ratio (OR) - An estimate of relative risk that is used in case-control studies.
Hazard ratio (HR) - An estimate of the chances that an event occurs in the
treatment arm of a trial vs the nontreatment arm.
Survival analysis - Used to summarize the average time from one event to any
outcome that can occur only once during follow-up.
