👮 Social Influence
, -----------------------------------------
Social Influence
Topics:
● Conformity
● Obedience
● Resistance to Social Influence
● Minority Influence
● Social Influence and Social Change
Conformity
Con for m ity → a form of social influence - results from exposure to the majority
Con for m ity → When people adopt the behaviours and attitudes of the majority as a
Con for m ity → result of real or imagined pressure
Kelman (1958) identified 3 types of conformity:
Com plian ce → Belief of the majority is accepted publicly, while the personal opinion
remains unchanged which only lasts as long as the group pressure exists
- Simply ‘going along’ with others in public but not privately changing opinions
and behaviour - results in a temporary, fake change and stops when the group
pressure stops
Identifi cation → Behaviour is changed because there is something about the group
they value and therefore identify with whilst the behaviour is attractive to them - these
behaviours have publicly and privately changed but only in the presence of the group
therefore it is temporary
- Conforming because there is something in the group we value, such as a role
model, where one publicly changes their opinions and behaviour to be
accepted by the group even if they don’t privately agree with everything the
group stands for
In ter n alisation → When the belief of the majority is accepted by the individual and
becomes part of their own belief system which stays even when the group is not present
, - When a person changes their belief system and genuinely accepts the group
norms and results in a public and private change of opinions and behaviour
which is permanent because the attitudes have been internalised.
CHANGE IN CHANGE IN FOR HOW LONG?
BEHAVIOUR? BELIEF?
COMPLIANCE YES NO SHORT TERM
IDENTIFICATION YES YES SHORT TERM
only in presence of majority
INTERNALISATION YES YES LONG TERM
- Deutch & Gerrard proposed that there are two explanations for conformity.
These are the reasons why people may choose to conform with the majority.
They called this the two process model.
To fit To be
in right
Information
Normative
al Social
Social
Influence
Influence
Internalisati
Complianc
on
e
Normative social influence (Emotional process)
- Driven by a desire to be liked and accepted by a group.
- It is most likely to happen when a person worries about rejection i.e. in the
company of strangers.
- For example, the group you are with supports a rival football team and so
although you may publically agree that the team is great, privately you
disagree.
- NSI is linked to compliance
Informational social influence (Cognitive process)
- Driven by a desire to be right, and do the right thing.
- It is most likely to occur in a new situation where people will look to others for
how to behave since the majority is more knowledgeable.
- For example, if you are asked to raise your hand in class if you agree, you may
look to others to see if they agree before putting your own hand up.
- ISI is linked to internalisation
, -----------------------------------------
Social Influence
Topics:
● Conformity
● Obedience
● Resistance to Social Influence
● Minority Influence
● Social Influence and Social Change
Conformity
Con for m ity → a form of social influence - results from exposure to the majority
Con for m ity → When people adopt the behaviours and attitudes of the majority as a
Con for m ity → result of real or imagined pressure
Kelman (1958) identified 3 types of conformity:
Com plian ce → Belief of the majority is accepted publicly, while the personal opinion
remains unchanged which only lasts as long as the group pressure exists
- Simply ‘going along’ with others in public but not privately changing opinions
and behaviour - results in a temporary, fake change and stops when the group
pressure stops
Identifi cation → Behaviour is changed because there is something about the group
they value and therefore identify with whilst the behaviour is attractive to them - these
behaviours have publicly and privately changed but only in the presence of the group
therefore it is temporary
- Conforming because there is something in the group we value, such as a role
model, where one publicly changes their opinions and behaviour to be
accepted by the group even if they don’t privately agree with everything the
group stands for
In ter n alisation → When the belief of the majority is accepted by the individual and
becomes part of their own belief system which stays even when the group is not present
, - When a person changes their belief system and genuinely accepts the group
norms and results in a public and private change of opinions and behaviour
which is permanent because the attitudes have been internalised.
CHANGE IN CHANGE IN FOR HOW LONG?
BEHAVIOUR? BELIEF?
COMPLIANCE YES NO SHORT TERM
IDENTIFICATION YES YES SHORT TERM
only in presence of majority
INTERNALISATION YES YES LONG TERM
- Deutch & Gerrard proposed that there are two explanations for conformity.
These are the reasons why people may choose to conform with the majority.
They called this the two process model.
To fit To be
in right
Information
Normative
al Social
Social
Influence
Influence
Internalisati
Complianc
on
e
Normative social influence (Emotional process)
- Driven by a desire to be liked and accepted by a group.
- It is most likely to happen when a person worries about rejection i.e. in the
company of strangers.
- For example, the group you are with supports a rival football team and so
although you may publically agree that the team is great, privately you
disagree.
- NSI is linked to compliance
Informational social influence (Cognitive process)
- Driven by a desire to be right, and do the right thing.
- It is most likely to occur in a new situation where people will look to others for
how to behave since the majority is more knowledgeable.
- For example, if you are asked to raise your hand in class if you agree, you may
look to others to see if they agree before putting your own hand up.
- ISI is linked to internalisation
