12.1 Structure and Functions
Q1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a biological community?
(A) Mortality
(B) Sex-ratio
(C) Natality
(D) Stratification
Q2. Which of the following is NOT a functional unit of an ecosystem?
(A) Energy flow
(B) Decomposition
(C) Stratification
(D) Productivity
Q3. Most animals are tree dwellers in –
(A) Temperate deciduous forest
(B) Thorn woodland
(C) Coniferous forest
(D) Tropical rainforest
Q4. The term 'ecosystem' was first coined by –
(A) Haeckel
(B) E.P. Odum
(C) E. Warming
(D) A.G. Tansley
12.2 Productivity
Q5. Which ecosystem shows highest gross primary productivity?
(A) Mangroves
(B) Rainforest
(C) Grassland
(D) Coral reef
Q6. The rate at which light energy is converted into chemical energy is –
(A) Net secondary productivity
(B) Gross primary productivity
(C) Net primary productivity
(D) Gross secondary productivity
Q7. Which ecosystem has the highest annual net primary productivity?
(A) Tropical deciduous forest
(B) Temperate evergreen forest
(C) Temperate deciduous forest
(D) Tropical rainforest
12.3 Decomposition
Q8. Which process is the last step of decomposition under anaerobic condition?
(A) Fragmentation
(B) Humification
(C) Catabolism
(D) Leaching