Summary C4: Populations and Communities, Transfers of Energy and Matter

4.1 4 t.la
1n eiin nj
IE n iind e compeing s
ulcotto an 9a.fin5e n sies stieusuallyseparatedbyageographicalbarrier
topdownandbottom oepopulationsincommunities

Ei ie ii i i
b ie i mama
ii ii.EE ia
u.is
ask.li pieofaensityaepenaentcontrol
aatorpreyrelationships is i ii i ii
if
ii.is i i



is
la esn IiIIii
iiiIiiii E.ie

t.it if.fi
fiIii iii
i
iiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.fiiiiiiiiiiiiii.in
iiiiiiiIiIiI
fffffiiiiiii

catitate
2 values
expected


rowtotgiinaiotifantota ie
i iii man

iiii.ie
ii EE
iIEi i i iiiiii
ifiiii II.FI i
fi.ae
YIE.IE

a ee
it t.ie
Iii IEIIEE iE FIIii I ii li i EE
iiiiii iiii i
iii.ie
T1ae
sm.ie i i emmaammmmn.ee


i ei i ie icei siaii n ei e

is i iiit ic 4.1.10acommunityasanoftheinteractingorganismsinanecosystem