Summary A2 Chemistry - Unit 2 - Amides

Hydrolysis
Amides Acid :
* produces carboxylic acid + ammonium Saint dilute acid
General
☒ functional group .
-
CONTI ,
CHIH ,
CON Hzt Hat 1-110 → CH , CH , COO Ht NH act

* named after corresponding carboxylic acid

e. g. ethanol acid :
ethan amide Alkali :
* substituents present =
no .
relative to C. in amide * produces salt of carboxylic acid 1- ammonia gas

group *
A methanol Mide liquid at room temp ( H > CONTI , + NaOH > CHINNA + NH }

* rest of straight chain = solids IV
* can be used as test for amide

glass rod in conc .

HCl



Preparation
Dehydration
1) Rxn of acyl chloride w/ amine
* dehydrated by distilling over phosphorous IV ) oxide
* will react to form N substituted amide
-




forming nitrites lfunc group
.
-

C : N )


CH , COCI t CH> ( th Nth SH , C -
É É
- -



Ctlz
-

ctkttlcl CH , CHICO NH ,
Patio
911-13 CHIC : N t tho

ethanoyl ethyl amine N -




ethyl Ethan amide
chloride
Basicity
2) Rxn of carboxylic acid w/ ammonia * compared to amines , very weak bases

* forms ammonium salt t heated dehydrates → amide A lone pair of e- on N atom or amide become

delocalised due to e- withdrawing nature of
CH } 1001-1 1- Ntl , → CH } 100N Hi ,
adjacent 1=0 10 more electro -

re than N)

ammonium lthanoater 4> lone pair not available to form co ord
-




On heating : →
presence of excess NH } to prevent reversing bond WI Ht ions

( H > FOON Hu → CH , 10N Hit 1-120

ethan amide