ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing
of the mitral valve). As the years go by, the left atrium, which
contracts against the increased resistance of the stenotic
valve, begins to fail--and output from the left ventricle begins
to decline. If the left ventricle were to undergo adaptation,
what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - ....ANSWER...A
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular
dysplasia?
a. variation in size and shape of cells
b. small, pale nuclei
c. disorderly arrangement of cells
d. preneoplastic change - ....ANSWER...B
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every
day as a medication, which of the following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland
c. atrophy of the adrenal gland
, d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland -
....ANSWER...C
If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs.
every day as a medication, which of the following would
result?
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland -
....ANSWER...B
Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver
because it results in which of the following?
a. increased production of free fatty acids
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides,
and phospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides,
and phospholipids to apoproteins - ....ANSWER...A
Which of the following is the primary difference between wet
and dry gangrene?
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry
gangrene from venous stasis.
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of
Clostridium perfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs. -
....ANSWER...D
Which of the following components is not involved in
apoptosis?
,a. Bcl-2
b. apaf-1
c. caspase 9
d. cytochrome c
e. HLA 2 - ....ANSWER...E
Some cancer-causing viruses are able to protect the cells that
they transform from undergoing apoptosis by interfering
with the action of the apoptosis promoter called:
a. TNF-alpha.
b. Fas.
c. p53.
d. IL-2.
e. INF-beta. - ....ANSWER...C
Which of the following diseases is thought to be related to
free radical damage?
a. osteoarthritis
b. detached retina
c. cerebral aneurysm
d. cancer - ....ANSWER...D
Which of the following enzymes, released from dying cells,
may indicate problems in the liver?
a. alanine aminotransferase
b. aspartate aminotransferase c. alkaline phosphatase
d. all of the above
e. none of the above - ....ANSWER...D
Researchers hypothesize that the disappearance of dopamine-
generating cells in the midbrain in Parkinson's Disease may be
related to oxidative stress due to a decrease in the amount of
, glutathione in the midbrain. The best explanation for this
theory is which of the following?
a. DNA synthesis requires glutathione for optimal
development.
b. Dopamine synthesis requires glutathione to prevent
free radical production.
c. Free radicals produced via dopamine synthesis
are neutralized by glutathione.
d. Glutathione is needed for entry of dopamine into
the cerebral circulation. - ....ANSWER...C
Which of the following is(are) true regarding aging?
a. may involve an increase in autoantibodies
b. may result from damage accumulation
c. both are true
d. neither is true - ....ANSWER...C
In theories of aging, cross-linking implies which of the
following?
a. The lifespan and number of times a cell can replicate
are preprogrammed.
b. The number of cell doublings is limited.
c. There is oxygen toxicity.
d. Cell permeability decreases. - ....ANSWER...D
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K
membrane pump may be impaired. Which of the following
may then result?
a. intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above - ...ANSWER...A
NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing
of the mitral valve). As the years go by, the left atrium, which
contracts against the increased resistance of the stenotic
valve, begins to fail--and output from the left ventricle begins
to decline. If the left ventricle were to undergo adaptation,
what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - ....ANSWER...A
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular
dysplasia?
a. variation in size and shape of cells
b. small, pale nuclei
c. disorderly arrangement of cells
d. preneoplastic change - ....ANSWER...B
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every
day as a medication, which of the following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland
c. atrophy of the adrenal gland
, d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland -
....ANSWER...C
If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs.
every day as a medication, which of the following would
result?
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland -
....ANSWER...B
Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver
because it results in which of the following?
a. increased production of free fatty acids
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides,
and phospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides,
and phospholipids to apoproteins - ....ANSWER...A
Which of the following is the primary difference between wet
and dry gangrene?
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry
gangrene from venous stasis.
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of
Clostridium perfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs. -
....ANSWER...D
Which of the following components is not involved in
apoptosis?
,a. Bcl-2
b. apaf-1
c. caspase 9
d. cytochrome c
e. HLA 2 - ....ANSWER...E
Some cancer-causing viruses are able to protect the cells that
they transform from undergoing apoptosis by interfering
with the action of the apoptosis promoter called:
a. TNF-alpha.
b. Fas.
c. p53.
d. IL-2.
e. INF-beta. - ....ANSWER...C
Which of the following diseases is thought to be related to
free radical damage?
a. osteoarthritis
b. detached retina
c. cerebral aneurysm
d. cancer - ....ANSWER...D
Which of the following enzymes, released from dying cells,
may indicate problems in the liver?
a. alanine aminotransferase
b. aspartate aminotransferase c. alkaline phosphatase
d. all of the above
e. none of the above - ....ANSWER...D
Researchers hypothesize that the disappearance of dopamine-
generating cells in the midbrain in Parkinson's Disease may be
related to oxidative stress due to a decrease in the amount of
, glutathione in the midbrain. The best explanation for this
theory is which of the following?
a. DNA synthesis requires glutathione for optimal
development.
b. Dopamine synthesis requires glutathione to prevent
free radical production.
c. Free radicals produced via dopamine synthesis
are neutralized by glutathione.
d. Glutathione is needed for entry of dopamine into
the cerebral circulation. - ....ANSWER...C
Which of the following is(are) true regarding aging?
a. may involve an increase in autoantibodies
b. may result from damage accumulation
c. both are true
d. neither is true - ....ANSWER...C
In theories of aging, cross-linking implies which of the
following?
a. The lifespan and number of times a cell can replicate
are preprogrammed.
b. The number of cell doublings is limited.
c. There is oxygen toxicity.
d. Cell permeability decreases. - ....ANSWER...D
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K
membrane pump may be impaired. Which of the following
may then result?
a. intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above - ...ANSWER...A
