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EXSC 223 Exam 1 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Levels of the Human Body
⼀Answer:- Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and
organismal
Anatomy
⼀Answer:- The structure of body parts and their relationships to one
another
Gross anatomy
⼀Answer:- Study of large structures (e.g. heart, lungs, etc.); visible
to naked eye
Surface anatomy
⼀Answer:- Study of internal body structures as they relate to the
skin
Microscopic anatomy
⼀Answer:- Study of structures that are too small to be seen with the
naked eye
Cytology
⼀Answer:- Study of cells of the body
Histology
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⼀Answer:- Study of tissues
Developmental anatomy
⼀Answer:- Study of structural changes that occur throughout the life
span
Embryology
⼀Answer:- Study of the steps of development before birth
(embryogenic development)
Physiology
⼀Answer:- The function of the living systems and how they work
Organ system
⼀Answer:- 2 or more organs that cooperate to form a particular
function
Principle of Complementarity
⼀Answer:- Function is dependent on structure and that the form of
structure relates to its function; anatomy (structure) and physiology
(function) relate
Characteristics of living things
⼀Answer:- Maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness,
digestion, metabolism, excretion, growth, and reproduction
Catabolism
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⼀Answer:- Making chemical energy
Anabolism
⼀Answer:- Makes important things for our body that cannot be
made by our cells like cholesterol
Homeostasis
⼀Answer:- Dynamic state of equilibrium which maintains a relatively
constant internal environment
Homeostasis relating to disease
⼀Answer:- Lack of consistency in the internal environment leads to
disease --> our cells in our body always keep the same conditions if
those conditions change you get disease
Negative feedback
⼀Answer:- Self-limiting; We have a stimulus that lets our body know
of an imbalance, the receptor will signal through the afferent pathway
and then to the control center (brain) and the control center will try
and analyze the change and will deliver it by the efferent pathway
the outcome is delivered to the effector and the effector will respond
and balance will be back to normal
Example of negative feedback
⼀Answer:- Thermoregulation
Postive feedback
⼀Answer:- Self-sustaining; goal is to magnify the original stimulus
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Example of positive feedback
⼀Answer:- Break or tear occurs in blood vessel wall
Example of homeostatic imbalance and disease
⼀Answer:- Type II Diabetes Mellitus; Insulin is less able to stimulate
glucose uptake into cells --> consequence: elevated blood sugar; when
a system cannot restore balance
Catalyst
⼀Answer:- Substance that lowers the activation energy, increases
the rate of reaction, and is not consumed in the reaction
Enzymes
⼀Answer:- Biological catalysts
Holoenzymes
⼀Answer:- Enzymes that have more than one component:
apoenzyme (protein portion) and cofactor (assist the reaction)
Increase in reaction is influenced by
⼀Answer:- Increase in temperature, decrease in particle size,
increase in concentration of reactant, and decrease in pH
Energy
⼀Answer:- The capacity to do work
Types of energy
EXSC 223 Exam 1 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Levels of the Human Body
⼀Answer:- Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and
organismal
Anatomy
⼀Answer:- The structure of body parts and their relationships to one
another
Gross anatomy
⼀Answer:- Study of large structures (e.g. heart, lungs, etc.); visible
to naked eye
Surface anatomy
⼀Answer:- Study of internal body structures as they relate to the
skin
Microscopic anatomy
⼀Answer:- Study of structures that are too small to be seen with the
naked eye
Cytology
⼀Answer:- Study of cells of the body
Histology
, Page | 2
⼀Answer:- Study of tissues
Developmental anatomy
⼀Answer:- Study of structural changes that occur throughout the life
span
Embryology
⼀Answer:- Study of the steps of development before birth
(embryogenic development)
Physiology
⼀Answer:- The function of the living systems and how they work
Organ system
⼀Answer:- 2 or more organs that cooperate to form a particular
function
Principle of Complementarity
⼀Answer:- Function is dependent on structure and that the form of
structure relates to its function; anatomy (structure) and physiology
(function) relate
Characteristics of living things
⼀Answer:- Maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness,
digestion, metabolism, excretion, growth, and reproduction
Catabolism
, Page | 3
⼀Answer:- Making chemical energy
Anabolism
⼀Answer:- Makes important things for our body that cannot be
made by our cells like cholesterol
Homeostasis
⼀Answer:- Dynamic state of equilibrium which maintains a relatively
constant internal environment
Homeostasis relating to disease
⼀Answer:- Lack of consistency in the internal environment leads to
disease --> our cells in our body always keep the same conditions if
those conditions change you get disease
Negative feedback
⼀Answer:- Self-limiting; We have a stimulus that lets our body know
of an imbalance, the receptor will signal through the afferent pathway
and then to the control center (brain) and the control center will try
and analyze the change and will deliver it by the efferent pathway
the outcome is delivered to the effector and the effector will respond
and balance will be back to normal
Example of negative feedback
⼀Answer:- Thermoregulation
Postive feedback
⼀Answer:- Self-sustaining; goal is to magnify the original stimulus
, Page | 4
Example of positive feedback
⼀Answer:- Break or tear occurs in blood vessel wall
Example of homeostatic imbalance and disease
⼀Answer:- Type II Diabetes Mellitus; Insulin is less able to stimulate
glucose uptake into cells --> consequence: elevated blood sugar; when
a system cannot restore balance
Catalyst
⼀Answer:- Substance that lowers the activation energy, increases
the rate of reaction, and is not consumed in the reaction
Enzymes
⼀Answer:- Biological catalysts
Holoenzymes
⼀Answer:- Enzymes that have more than one component:
apoenzyme (protein portion) and cofactor (assist the reaction)
Increase in reaction is influenced by
⼀Answer:- Increase in temperature, decrease in particle size,
increase in concentration of reactant, and decrease in pH
Energy
⼀Answer:- The capacity to do work
Types of energy
