NUSC 1165 TEST
Digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER--Ingestion and digestion of food
-Facilitates the movement of nutrients into the body
-Responsible for eliminating unabsorbed waste
Nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER-Sends nerve signals to help control the
passage of food throughout the digestive tract
Endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER-Produces hormones to regulate food intake
and the function of digestive organs
Urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER-Elimination of fluids, nitrogen
Respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-Removes CO2
integumentary system - CORRECT ANSWER-Removes water, sweat, and minerals
from the body
Define digestion - CORRECT ANSWER-- Breaking food into components small enough
so it can be absorbed into the body
- Energy yielding nutrients: carbs, protein, fat
Define absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of taking substances directly into the
body
Function of stomach - CORRECT ANSWER--Churns and mixes food
-Secretes acid and a protein-digesting enzyme
Function of small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER--Completes digestion
-Absorbs nutrients into the blood or lymph
,Function of large intestine - CORRECT ANSWER--Absorbs water and some vitamins
and minerals
-Home to intestinal bacteria
-Passes waste material
Accessory organs and functions - CORRECT ANSWER--Salivary glands: produce
saliva, which contains a starch-digesting enzyme
-Liver: makes bile, which aids in digestion and absorption of fat
-Pancreas: releases bicarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents and produces
enzymes that digest carbohydrates, protein, and fat
-Gall Bladder: stores bile and releases it into the SI when needed
Structure of gut wall and function - CORRECT ANSWER--Layers of Smooth Muscle:
contraction and the breakdown of food
- Connective Tissue: nerves and blood vessels
-External Layer of Connective Tissue: support and protection
-Mucosa: protective layer with life span of 2-5 days
Transit time - CORRECT ANSWER-The amount of time taken for food to pass through
the entire length of the digestive tract
- Healthy adults: 24-72 hours
Factors affecting transit time - CORRECT ANSWER-Diet composition, physical activity,
medications, emotions, illnesses
Digestive secretion - CORRECT ANSWER-Mucus:
-Viscous fluid secreted by glands in the mucosal lining of the GI tract
-Moistens, lubricates, and protects the digestive tract from harsh environments
Enzymes
-Protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without undergoing any
changes
-Accelerates nutrient breakdown during digestion
-Specific enzymes that break down different nutrients
Regulation of GI function - CORRECT ANSWER-Nerves
-Stimulated by thought, sight, smell, and presence of food
-Causes muscles contractions that churn, mix, and propel food through the gut
-Stimulate or inhibit gastric secretions
-Coordinate digestive activity with other body functions
, Hormones
-Chemical messengers produced in an organ
-Released into the blood and elicit responses at other locations in the body
-Helps prepare different areas of the gut for the arrival of food
-Regulate nutrient digestion and rate of food moving through the system
Cephalic response - CORRECT ANSWER-Involves signals from the nervous system
- The sights, sounds, and smells of food prepare the digestive system to process the
food components
2 components of saliva - CORRECT ANSWER-Salivary Amylase: enzyme that starts
the initial breakdown of starch
Lysozyme: enzyme that inhibits bacterial growth that contributes to tooth decay
The pharynx is shared by...? - CORRECT ANSWER-Respiratory and digestive systems
Epiglottis - CORRECT ANSWER-Blocks air passages to the lungs as food moves down
the digestive tract
Peristalsis - CORRECT ANSWER-Propels chyme through the small intestine
- Muscular contractions that moves the food down the esophagus
Sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER-Regulates the passage of food to the stomach
Components of the stomach - CORRECT ANSWER--Lining
-Wall
o Thick muscle
o Powerful muscular contractions
- Chyme
o Bolus and HCl
o Remains in the stomach for 2-6 hours
Role of HCl in pepsin activation - CORRECT ANSWER-HCl activates pepsin
Gastrin hormone - CORRECT ANSWER-Gastrin contributes to the release of acid in the
stomach
Factors that contribute to stomach emptying rate - CORRECT ANSWER--Size of meals
- Solid or liquid meals
- High fat (longer) or protein or carbohydrate (shorter) meals
- Emotions : sadness, fear (longer
- Exercise: (longer)
Digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER--Ingestion and digestion of food
-Facilitates the movement of nutrients into the body
-Responsible for eliminating unabsorbed waste
Nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER-Sends nerve signals to help control the
passage of food throughout the digestive tract
Endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER-Produces hormones to regulate food intake
and the function of digestive organs
Urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER-Elimination of fluids, nitrogen
Respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-Removes CO2
integumentary system - CORRECT ANSWER-Removes water, sweat, and minerals
from the body
Define digestion - CORRECT ANSWER-- Breaking food into components small enough
so it can be absorbed into the body
- Energy yielding nutrients: carbs, protein, fat
Define absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of taking substances directly into the
body
Function of stomach - CORRECT ANSWER--Churns and mixes food
-Secretes acid and a protein-digesting enzyme
Function of small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER--Completes digestion
-Absorbs nutrients into the blood or lymph
,Function of large intestine - CORRECT ANSWER--Absorbs water and some vitamins
and minerals
-Home to intestinal bacteria
-Passes waste material
Accessory organs and functions - CORRECT ANSWER--Salivary glands: produce
saliva, which contains a starch-digesting enzyme
-Liver: makes bile, which aids in digestion and absorption of fat
-Pancreas: releases bicarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents and produces
enzymes that digest carbohydrates, protein, and fat
-Gall Bladder: stores bile and releases it into the SI when needed
Structure of gut wall and function - CORRECT ANSWER--Layers of Smooth Muscle:
contraction and the breakdown of food
- Connective Tissue: nerves and blood vessels
-External Layer of Connective Tissue: support and protection
-Mucosa: protective layer with life span of 2-5 days
Transit time - CORRECT ANSWER-The amount of time taken for food to pass through
the entire length of the digestive tract
- Healthy adults: 24-72 hours
Factors affecting transit time - CORRECT ANSWER-Diet composition, physical activity,
medications, emotions, illnesses
Digestive secretion - CORRECT ANSWER-Mucus:
-Viscous fluid secreted by glands in the mucosal lining of the GI tract
-Moistens, lubricates, and protects the digestive tract from harsh environments
Enzymes
-Protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without undergoing any
changes
-Accelerates nutrient breakdown during digestion
-Specific enzymes that break down different nutrients
Regulation of GI function - CORRECT ANSWER-Nerves
-Stimulated by thought, sight, smell, and presence of food
-Causes muscles contractions that churn, mix, and propel food through the gut
-Stimulate or inhibit gastric secretions
-Coordinate digestive activity with other body functions
, Hormones
-Chemical messengers produced in an organ
-Released into the blood and elicit responses at other locations in the body
-Helps prepare different areas of the gut for the arrival of food
-Regulate nutrient digestion and rate of food moving through the system
Cephalic response - CORRECT ANSWER-Involves signals from the nervous system
- The sights, sounds, and smells of food prepare the digestive system to process the
food components
2 components of saliva - CORRECT ANSWER-Salivary Amylase: enzyme that starts
the initial breakdown of starch
Lysozyme: enzyme that inhibits bacterial growth that contributes to tooth decay
The pharynx is shared by...? - CORRECT ANSWER-Respiratory and digestive systems
Epiglottis - CORRECT ANSWER-Blocks air passages to the lungs as food moves down
the digestive tract
Peristalsis - CORRECT ANSWER-Propels chyme through the small intestine
- Muscular contractions that moves the food down the esophagus
Sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER-Regulates the passage of food to the stomach
Components of the stomach - CORRECT ANSWER--Lining
-Wall
o Thick muscle
o Powerful muscular contractions
- Chyme
o Bolus and HCl
o Remains in the stomach for 2-6 hours
Role of HCl in pepsin activation - CORRECT ANSWER-HCl activates pepsin
Gastrin hormone - CORRECT ANSWER-Gastrin contributes to the release of acid in the
stomach
Factors that contribute to stomach emptying rate - CORRECT ANSWER--Size of meals
- Solid or liquid meals
- High fat (longer) or protein or carbohydrate (shorter) meals
- Emotions : sadness, fear (longer
- Exercise: (longer)
