,In order to ensure that this resource offers high-quality support for the associated Pearson qualification, it has
been through a review process by the awarding body. This process confirms that this resource fully covers
the teaching and learning content of the specification or part of a specification at which it is aimed. It also
confirms that it demonstrates an appropriate balance between the development of subject skills, knowledge and
understanding, in addition to preparation for assessment.
Endorsement does not cover any guidance on assessment activities or processes (e.g. practice questions or
advice on how to answer assessment questions), included in the resource nor does it prescribe any particular
approach to the teaching or delivery of a related course.
While the publishers have made every attempt to ensure that advice on the qualification and its assessment is
accurate, the official specification and associated assessment guidance materials are the only authoritative source
of information and should always be referred to for definitive guidance.
Pearson examiners have not contributed to any sections in this resource relevant to examination papers for which
they have responsibility.
Examiners will not use endorsed resources as a source of material for any assessment set by Pearson.
Endorsement of a resource does not mean that the resource is required to achieve this
Pearson qualification, nor does it mean that it is the only suitable material available to support the qualification,
and any resource lists produced by the awarding body shall include this and other appropriate resources.
Dynamic Learning is an online subscription solution that supports teachers and students with high
quality content and unique tools. Dynamic Learning incorporates elements that all work together to give
you the ultimate classroom and homework resource.
Teaching and Learning titles include interactive resources, lesson planning tools, self-marking tests
and assessment. Teachers can:
● Use the Lesson Builder to plan and deliver outstanding lessons
● Share lessons and resources with students and colleagues
● Track students’ progress with Tests and Assessments
Teachers can also combine their own trusted resources alongside those from Edexcel A level
Chemistry 2 which has a whole host of informative and interactive resources including:
● Engaging animations and online presentations to provide students with clearer explanations
● Interactive tests within each chapter that can be used in class or set as homework
● Numerous stretch and extension materials to encourage higher-attaining students
● Interactive flash cards and a full glossary of words used in context
Edexcel A level Chemistry 2 is available as a Whiteboard eTextbook which is an online interactive
version of the printed textbook that enables teachers to:
● Display interactive pages to their class
● Add notes and highlight areas
● Add double-page spreads into lesson plans
Additionally the Student eTextbook of Edexcel A level Chemistry 2 is a downloadable version of the
printed textbook that teachers can assign to students so they can:
● Download and view on any device or browser
● Add, edit and synchronise notes across two devices
● Access their personal copy on the move
To find out more and sign up for free trials visit: www.hoddereducation.co.uk/dynamiclearning
, EDEXCEL A LEVEL
CHEMISTRY
2
Graham Curtis
Andrew Hunt
Graham Hill
807497_FM_Edexcel Chemistry_2_i-vi.indd 1 14/07/2015 15:4
, Photo credits: p. 1 yodiyim/Fotolia; p. 8 FOOD-micro/Fotolia; p. 12 Maximilian Stock Ltd/Science
Photo Library; p. 13 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 16 tl Charles D. Winters/
Science Photo Library, c Manfred Kage/Science Photo Library; p. 20 tl toa555/Fotolia, c Science Photo
Library; p. 25 Charles D. Winters/Science Photo Library; p. 29 nenetus/Fotolia; p. 34 Andrew Lambert
Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 38 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library (all);
p. 40 gabriffaldi/Fotolia; p. 42 JPC-PROD/Fotolia; p. 44 Sebastian Kaulitzki/Fotolia; p. 50 Andrew
Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 61 Vit Kovalcik/Fotolia; p. 67 cl maros_bauer/
Fotolia, cr ju_skz/Fotolia, bl ova/Fotolia; p. 68 t Anna Khomulo/Fotolia, c Ghen/Fotolia, b Science
Photo Library; p. 69 Charles D. Winters/Science Photo Library (both); p. 71 WavebreakmediaMicro/
Fotolia; p. 74 kalpis/Fotolia; p. 81 c Fuse/Thinkstock, r Mark Williamson/Science Photo Library; p. 82
marcel/Fotolia; p. 86 Stocktrek Images/Getty images; p. 91 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science
Photo Library (both); p. 95 Martyn F. Chillmaid/Science Photo Library; p. 101 design56/Fotolia;
p. 103 tr Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library, br Peticolas/Megna/Fundamental
Photos/Science Photo Library; p. 109 mikanaka/Thinkstock; p. 116 Andrew Lambert Photography/
Science Photo Library; p. 121 sumnersgraphicsinc/Fotolia; p. 123 Andrew Lambert Photography/
Science Photo Library; p. 124 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 128 Andrew
Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 133 Interfoto/Alamy; p. 134 Science Photo Library;
p. 141 Biosym Technologies, Inc./Science Photo Library; p. 147 Kadmy/Fotolia; p. 169 l mosinmax/
Fotolia, r atoss/Fotolia; p. 170 full image/Fotolia; p. 172 c indigolotos/Fotolia, b James Watson;
p. 180 Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library; p. 182 Vesna Cvorovic/Fotolia; p. 188 Andrew
Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 189 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo
Library (both); p. 194 l skynet/Fotolia, r Debu55y/Fotolia; p. 195 Susan Wilkinson; p. 197 xeni4ka/
Thinkstock; p. 201 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 207 tr Philippe Hallé/
Thinkstock, br Sally and Richard Greenhill/Alamy; p. 212 Corbis Super RF/Alamy; p. 219 Andrew
Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 221 sashagrunge/Fotolia; p. 226 Martyn F. Chillmaid/
Science Photo Library; p. 233 WavebreakmediaMicro/Fotolia; p. 235 tr Mediablitzimages/Alamy,
br Nomadsoul1/Thinkstock; p. 237 Martyn F. Chillmaid/Science Photo Library; p. 250 tl Charles
D. Winters/Science Photo Library, cl Jeff Morgan 09/Alamy; p. 252 Ashley Cooper/Corbis; p. 254
Eye of Science/Science Photo Library; p. 259 James Bell/Science Photo Library; p. 260 Steffen Hauser/
botanikfoto/Alamy; p. 273 Peggy Greb/US Department of Agriculture/Science Photo Library; p. 274
Phototake Inc./Alamy; p. 283 Geoff Tompkinson/Science Photo Library; p. 292 Food Collection/
Alamy; p. 297 Vince Bevan/Alamy; p. 298 Roger Hutchings/Alamy; p. 304 Jerry Mason/Science
Photo Library; p. 306 Michael Donne/Science Photo Library; p. 308 l ESA/ATG medialab, r STFC
b = bottom, c = centre, l = left, r = right
Acknowledgement
Data used for the proton NMR spectrum in Figure 19.21 and the two IR spectra on page 314 come
from the SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan.
Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to
press, Hodder Education cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this
book. It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page
for a website in the URL window of your browser.
Hachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made
from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to
conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
Orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB. Telephone:
+44 (0)1235 827720. Fax: +44 (0)1235 400454. Lines are open 9.00a.m.–5.00p.m., Monday to
Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. Visit our website at www.hoddereducation.co.uk
© Graham Curtis, Andrew Hunt, Graham Hill 2015
First published in 2015 by
Hodder Education,
An Hachette UK Company
Carmelite House, 50 Victoria Embankment, London EC4Y 0DZ
Impression number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Year 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency
Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the
Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Cover photo © Gina Sanders – Fotolia
Illustrations by Aptara, Inc.
Typeset in 11/13 pt Bembo by Aptara, Inc.
Printed in Italy
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library
ISBN 9781471807497
807497_FM_Edexcel Chemistry_2_i-vi.indd 2 15/07/2015 12:0
been through a review process by the awarding body. This process confirms that this resource fully covers
the teaching and learning content of the specification or part of a specification at which it is aimed. It also
confirms that it demonstrates an appropriate balance between the development of subject skills, knowledge and
understanding, in addition to preparation for assessment.
Endorsement does not cover any guidance on assessment activities or processes (e.g. practice questions or
advice on how to answer assessment questions), included in the resource nor does it prescribe any particular
approach to the teaching or delivery of a related course.
While the publishers have made every attempt to ensure that advice on the qualification and its assessment is
accurate, the official specification and associated assessment guidance materials are the only authoritative source
of information and should always be referred to for definitive guidance.
Pearson examiners have not contributed to any sections in this resource relevant to examination papers for which
they have responsibility.
Examiners will not use endorsed resources as a source of material for any assessment set by Pearson.
Endorsement of a resource does not mean that the resource is required to achieve this
Pearson qualification, nor does it mean that it is the only suitable material available to support the qualification,
and any resource lists produced by the awarding body shall include this and other appropriate resources.
Dynamic Learning is an online subscription solution that supports teachers and students with high
quality content and unique tools. Dynamic Learning incorporates elements that all work together to give
you the ultimate classroom and homework resource.
Teaching and Learning titles include interactive resources, lesson planning tools, self-marking tests
and assessment. Teachers can:
● Use the Lesson Builder to plan and deliver outstanding lessons
● Share lessons and resources with students and colleagues
● Track students’ progress with Tests and Assessments
Teachers can also combine their own trusted resources alongside those from Edexcel A level
Chemistry 2 which has a whole host of informative and interactive resources including:
● Engaging animations and online presentations to provide students with clearer explanations
● Interactive tests within each chapter that can be used in class or set as homework
● Numerous stretch and extension materials to encourage higher-attaining students
● Interactive flash cards and a full glossary of words used in context
Edexcel A level Chemistry 2 is available as a Whiteboard eTextbook which is an online interactive
version of the printed textbook that enables teachers to:
● Display interactive pages to their class
● Add notes and highlight areas
● Add double-page spreads into lesson plans
Additionally the Student eTextbook of Edexcel A level Chemistry 2 is a downloadable version of the
printed textbook that teachers can assign to students so they can:
● Download and view on any device or browser
● Add, edit and synchronise notes across two devices
● Access their personal copy on the move
To find out more and sign up for free trials visit: www.hoddereducation.co.uk/dynamiclearning
, EDEXCEL A LEVEL
CHEMISTRY
2
Graham Curtis
Andrew Hunt
Graham Hill
807497_FM_Edexcel Chemistry_2_i-vi.indd 1 14/07/2015 15:4
, Photo credits: p. 1 yodiyim/Fotolia; p. 8 FOOD-micro/Fotolia; p. 12 Maximilian Stock Ltd/Science
Photo Library; p. 13 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 16 tl Charles D. Winters/
Science Photo Library, c Manfred Kage/Science Photo Library; p. 20 tl toa555/Fotolia, c Science Photo
Library; p. 25 Charles D. Winters/Science Photo Library; p. 29 nenetus/Fotolia; p. 34 Andrew Lambert
Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 38 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library (all);
p. 40 gabriffaldi/Fotolia; p. 42 JPC-PROD/Fotolia; p. 44 Sebastian Kaulitzki/Fotolia; p. 50 Andrew
Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 61 Vit Kovalcik/Fotolia; p. 67 cl maros_bauer/
Fotolia, cr ju_skz/Fotolia, bl ova/Fotolia; p. 68 t Anna Khomulo/Fotolia, c Ghen/Fotolia, b Science
Photo Library; p. 69 Charles D. Winters/Science Photo Library (both); p. 71 WavebreakmediaMicro/
Fotolia; p. 74 kalpis/Fotolia; p. 81 c Fuse/Thinkstock, r Mark Williamson/Science Photo Library; p. 82
marcel/Fotolia; p. 86 Stocktrek Images/Getty images; p. 91 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science
Photo Library (both); p. 95 Martyn F. Chillmaid/Science Photo Library; p. 101 design56/Fotolia;
p. 103 tr Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library, br Peticolas/Megna/Fundamental
Photos/Science Photo Library; p. 109 mikanaka/Thinkstock; p. 116 Andrew Lambert Photography/
Science Photo Library; p. 121 sumnersgraphicsinc/Fotolia; p. 123 Andrew Lambert Photography/
Science Photo Library; p. 124 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 128 Andrew
Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 133 Interfoto/Alamy; p. 134 Science Photo Library;
p. 141 Biosym Technologies, Inc./Science Photo Library; p. 147 Kadmy/Fotolia; p. 169 l mosinmax/
Fotolia, r atoss/Fotolia; p. 170 full image/Fotolia; p. 172 c indigolotos/Fotolia, b James Watson;
p. 180 Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library; p. 182 Vesna Cvorovic/Fotolia; p. 188 Andrew
Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 189 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo
Library (both); p. 194 l skynet/Fotolia, r Debu55y/Fotolia; p. 195 Susan Wilkinson; p. 197 xeni4ka/
Thinkstock; p. 201 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 207 tr Philippe Hallé/
Thinkstock, br Sally and Richard Greenhill/Alamy; p. 212 Corbis Super RF/Alamy; p. 219 Andrew
Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 221 sashagrunge/Fotolia; p. 226 Martyn F. Chillmaid/
Science Photo Library; p. 233 WavebreakmediaMicro/Fotolia; p. 235 tr Mediablitzimages/Alamy,
br Nomadsoul1/Thinkstock; p. 237 Martyn F. Chillmaid/Science Photo Library; p. 250 tl Charles
D. Winters/Science Photo Library, cl Jeff Morgan 09/Alamy; p. 252 Ashley Cooper/Corbis; p. 254
Eye of Science/Science Photo Library; p. 259 James Bell/Science Photo Library; p. 260 Steffen Hauser/
botanikfoto/Alamy; p. 273 Peggy Greb/US Department of Agriculture/Science Photo Library; p. 274
Phototake Inc./Alamy; p. 283 Geoff Tompkinson/Science Photo Library; p. 292 Food Collection/
Alamy; p. 297 Vince Bevan/Alamy; p. 298 Roger Hutchings/Alamy; p. 304 Jerry Mason/Science
Photo Library; p. 306 Michael Donne/Science Photo Library; p. 308 l ESA/ATG medialab, r STFC
b = bottom, c = centre, l = left, r = right
Acknowledgement
Data used for the proton NMR spectrum in Figure 19.21 and the two IR spectra on page 314 come
from the SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan.
Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to
press, Hodder Education cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this
book. It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page
for a website in the URL window of your browser.
Hachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made
from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to
conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
Orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB. Telephone:
+44 (0)1235 827720. Fax: +44 (0)1235 400454. Lines are open 9.00a.m.–5.00p.m., Monday to
Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. Visit our website at www.hoddereducation.co.uk
© Graham Curtis, Andrew Hunt, Graham Hill 2015
First published in 2015 by
Hodder Education,
An Hachette UK Company
Carmelite House, 50 Victoria Embankment, London EC4Y 0DZ
Impression number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Year 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency
Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the
Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Cover photo © Gina Sanders – Fotolia
Illustrations by Aptara, Inc.
Typeset in 11/13 pt Bembo by Aptara, Inc.
Printed in Italy
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library
ISBN 9781471807497
807497_FM_Edexcel Chemistry_2_i-vi.indd 2 15/07/2015 12:0
