NSG 533 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Ways to help patients obtain accurate information from Web
Listservs
News groups
Computerized drug systems
Expedite filling of rx
direct links to pharmacy
provides alerts, drug interactions, ADRs, tests, etc
Use of internet
Facilitates access to patient data, management choices, patient education, referral
mechanisms, documentation of patient-provider interactions etc.
Search engines
Give patient info on reputable sites
Cost effectiveness
Two or more treatments/programs that are not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
ex: treatment of HTN-triple therapy reduces SBP by 35 pts vs 2 agents that reduce SBP
by 20 pts
Insulin therapy vs oral therapy and achieved A1c level
Measures effectiveness in therapeutic outcomes vs dollars saved
Cost benefit analysis
The costs of a specific treatment or intervention are calculated and then compared with
the $$ value of the benefit received.
Compare and determine the greatest benefit for the dollar spent
Cost-benefit ratio
Difference in 2 therapies
Ex: Anticoagulation clinic vs hypertension clinic
Donut hole (Medicare Part D)
Changes to Part D Medicare due to reform of 2010 enrollees in the donut hole will get a
$250 rebate.
Enacted to assist seniors with med cost
, Covers 75% cost after deductible of $250 until costs exceed $2250
Between $2250 and $5100 no coverage
Afer $5100, covered at 100%
Gap between 2250 and 5100 is the donut hole
Two-tiered medication coverage
Generic vs brand name
Pharmacoeconomics influence every rx
Ask about patient's coverage and their cost of med
Consult with pharmacist
Know generic equivalents
OTC antihistamines
First line drug for treating allergies
First and second generation available OTC
Combined with decongestants in cold and flu meds
May cause sedation or hang-over effects
Can get a DUI with them
Decongestants
Sympathomimetics, vasoconstrictors that reduce nasal congestion
Oral or nasal route is best
Topical are minimally absorbed
Rebound congestion common if used >5days
Decongestants
Constrict vascular beds
Increase BP
cause insomina
increase HR
Caution with HTN, BPH, and glaucoma
Precursor of methamphetamine
Not for use for children <4 yrs-cause death
NSAIDs
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Ways to help patients obtain accurate information from Web
Listservs
News groups
Computerized drug systems
Expedite filling of rx
direct links to pharmacy
provides alerts, drug interactions, ADRs, tests, etc
Use of internet
Facilitates access to patient data, management choices, patient education, referral
mechanisms, documentation of patient-provider interactions etc.
Search engines
Give patient info on reputable sites
Cost effectiveness
Two or more treatments/programs that are not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
ex: treatment of HTN-triple therapy reduces SBP by 35 pts vs 2 agents that reduce SBP
by 20 pts
Insulin therapy vs oral therapy and achieved A1c level
Measures effectiveness in therapeutic outcomes vs dollars saved
Cost benefit analysis
The costs of a specific treatment or intervention are calculated and then compared with
the $$ value of the benefit received.
Compare and determine the greatest benefit for the dollar spent
Cost-benefit ratio
Difference in 2 therapies
Ex: Anticoagulation clinic vs hypertension clinic
Donut hole (Medicare Part D)
Changes to Part D Medicare due to reform of 2010 enrollees in the donut hole will get a
$250 rebate.
Enacted to assist seniors with med cost
, Covers 75% cost after deductible of $250 until costs exceed $2250
Between $2250 and $5100 no coverage
Afer $5100, covered at 100%
Gap between 2250 and 5100 is the donut hole
Two-tiered medication coverage
Generic vs brand name
Pharmacoeconomics influence every rx
Ask about patient's coverage and their cost of med
Consult with pharmacist
Know generic equivalents
OTC antihistamines
First line drug for treating allergies
First and second generation available OTC
Combined with decongestants in cold and flu meds
May cause sedation or hang-over effects
Can get a DUI with them
Decongestants
Sympathomimetics, vasoconstrictors that reduce nasal congestion
Oral or nasal route is best
Topical are minimally absorbed
Rebound congestion common if used >5days
Decongestants
Constrict vascular beds
Increase BP
cause insomina
increase HR
Caution with HTN, BPH, and glaucoma
Precursor of methamphetamine
Not for use for children <4 yrs-cause death
NSAIDs
