NSG 533 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Adverse drug reaction
a harmful or unintended response when taking a medication. Fourth leading cause of
death.
pharmacology
the study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes
medical pharmacology
science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease
toxicolgy
branch of pharmacology that deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals living
systems, from individual cells to humans to ocmplex ecosystems
materia medica
the science of drug preparation and the medical uses of drugs
experimental physiology & pharmacology
Examining how drugs work at the organ and cellular levels
controlled clinical trial
concept of rational therapeutics in order to evaluate therapeutic claims
drug receptor
drug action and the biologic substrate of that action
pharmacogenomics
the relation of the individuals genetic makeup to his or her response to specific drugs
small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
therapeutic agent, small segments of RNA that interfere with protein synthesis with
extreme selectivity
micro RNAs (miRNAs)
therapeutic agent that can interfere with protein synthesis with extreme selectvity
antisense oligonucleotides (ANOs)
short nucleotide chang synthesized to be complementary to natural RNA or DNA, can
interfere with the readout of genes and transcription of RNA
General Principals that the student should remember:
, 1. all substances can under certain circumstances be toxic
2. that chemicals in botanical are no different from chemicals in manufactured drugs
except for the much greater proportion of impurities in botanicals
3. all dietary supplements and all therapies promoted as health enhancing should meet
the same standards of efficacy and safety as conventional drugs and medical therapies
agonist
activates within a specific target molecule that plays regulatory role in biologic system
(activates receptor molecule)
antagonist
inhibits specific target molecule that plays regulatory role in biologic system. (inhibit
competing receptors by binding to receptor site before others can)
receptor
also termed target molecule
biologicals
large molecule drugs that act as receptors themselves and bind endogenous molecules
chemical antagonists
interact directly with other drugs
osmotic agents
interact almost exclusively with water molecules
hormones
synthesized within the body
xenobiotics
Not synthesized within the body (foreign molecules)
poisons
drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects
toxins
usually defined as poisons of biologic origin (synthesized by plants or animals)
drug interactions
covalent
elecctrostatic
hydrophobic
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Adverse drug reaction
a harmful or unintended response when taking a medication. Fourth leading cause of
death.
pharmacology
the study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes
medical pharmacology
science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease
toxicolgy
branch of pharmacology that deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals living
systems, from individual cells to humans to ocmplex ecosystems
materia medica
the science of drug preparation and the medical uses of drugs
experimental physiology & pharmacology
Examining how drugs work at the organ and cellular levels
controlled clinical trial
concept of rational therapeutics in order to evaluate therapeutic claims
drug receptor
drug action and the biologic substrate of that action
pharmacogenomics
the relation of the individuals genetic makeup to his or her response to specific drugs
small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
therapeutic agent, small segments of RNA that interfere with protein synthesis with
extreme selectivity
micro RNAs (miRNAs)
therapeutic agent that can interfere with protein synthesis with extreme selectvity
antisense oligonucleotides (ANOs)
short nucleotide chang synthesized to be complementary to natural RNA or DNA, can
interfere with the readout of genes and transcription of RNA
General Principals that the student should remember:
, 1. all substances can under certain circumstances be toxic
2. that chemicals in botanical are no different from chemicals in manufactured drugs
except for the much greater proportion of impurities in botanicals
3. all dietary supplements and all therapies promoted as health enhancing should meet
the same standards of efficacy and safety as conventional drugs and medical therapies
agonist
activates within a specific target molecule that plays regulatory role in biologic system
(activates receptor molecule)
antagonist
inhibits specific target molecule that plays regulatory role in biologic system. (inhibit
competing receptors by binding to receptor site before others can)
receptor
also termed target molecule
biologicals
large molecule drugs that act as receptors themselves and bind endogenous molecules
chemical antagonists
interact directly with other drugs
osmotic agents
interact almost exclusively with water molecules
hormones
synthesized within the body
xenobiotics
Not synthesized within the body (foreign molecules)
poisons
drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects
toxins
usually defined as poisons of biologic origin (synthesized by plants or animals)
drug interactions
covalent
elecctrostatic
hydrophobic
