NSG 533 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Type A reactions
Predictable from drug's known pharmacological properties
May be exaggeration of pharmacologic effect of drug
Hypoglycemia from insulin
Hypotension from antihypertensives
May be drug's secondary effect
Diarrhea from antibiotics
Anticholinergic effects from antidepressants
Type B reactions
Allergic response-Drug allergy or hypersensitivity
Type I, II, III, IV, or V Allergy
A drug allergy occurs when patients immune system identifies a drug, a drug
metabolite, or a drug contaminate as a foreign substance
The body mounts an immune response such as Type I, II, III, or IV allergic response or
Type V autoimmune response such as SLE.
Type I Allergy
Anaphylactic reaction
Immediate response
Previously sensitized person
Reaction mediated by the IgE antibodies on the mast cells
May be fatal if not treated immediately
Type II Allergy
Cytotoxic reaction
Sometimes called an autoimmune response
Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lupus erythematosus
Improves the removal of a drug with Type V Allergy
Type III Allergy
Arthus reaction or immune complex reaction
AKA serum sickness
, Angioedema, arthralgia, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and spleenomegaly
Occurs 1 to 3 weeks after drug exposure
Type IV Allergy
Cell-mediated, delayed hypersensitivity
Common skin reaction that occurs 24 to 48 hrs after drug contact with skin
Type C ADRs-cumulative effects from chronic use
Example: Chronic corticosteroid use
Dose-related and time-related
Treatment is to reduce dose or withdraw med
Type D reactions
Delayed ADR that is not apparent for some time after the drug is taken.
Teratogens
Effects may be seen at or before birth
Effects may manifest years later
Carcinogens
May be due to activation of oncogenes or inactivation of suppressor genes
Type E reactions
End of treatment effects
Opiate withdrawal
Abrupt discontinuation of beta blockers
Steroid discontinuance
Failure to taper doses prior to discontiuance
Type F reactions
Unexpected failure of therapy
Failed contraception due to antibiotic use
Clopidogrel failure with omeprazole
Metabolic changes due to drug interactions
Type G reactions
Genetic reactions
Changes in acetylation or metabolism
G6PD deficiency
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Type A reactions
Predictable from drug's known pharmacological properties
May be exaggeration of pharmacologic effect of drug
Hypoglycemia from insulin
Hypotension from antihypertensives
May be drug's secondary effect
Diarrhea from antibiotics
Anticholinergic effects from antidepressants
Type B reactions
Allergic response-Drug allergy or hypersensitivity
Type I, II, III, IV, or V Allergy
A drug allergy occurs when patients immune system identifies a drug, a drug
metabolite, or a drug contaminate as a foreign substance
The body mounts an immune response such as Type I, II, III, or IV allergic response or
Type V autoimmune response such as SLE.
Type I Allergy
Anaphylactic reaction
Immediate response
Previously sensitized person
Reaction mediated by the IgE antibodies on the mast cells
May be fatal if not treated immediately
Type II Allergy
Cytotoxic reaction
Sometimes called an autoimmune response
Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lupus erythematosus
Improves the removal of a drug with Type V Allergy
Type III Allergy
Arthus reaction or immune complex reaction
AKA serum sickness
, Angioedema, arthralgia, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and spleenomegaly
Occurs 1 to 3 weeks after drug exposure
Type IV Allergy
Cell-mediated, delayed hypersensitivity
Common skin reaction that occurs 24 to 48 hrs after drug contact with skin
Type C ADRs-cumulative effects from chronic use
Example: Chronic corticosteroid use
Dose-related and time-related
Treatment is to reduce dose or withdraw med
Type D reactions
Delayed ADR that is not apparent for some time after the drug is taken.
Teratogens
Effects may be seen at or before birth
Effects may manifest years later
Carcinogens
May be due to activation of oncogenes or inactivation of suppressor genes
Type E reactions
End of treatment effects
Opiate withdrawal
Abrupt discontinuation of beta blockers
Steroid discontinuance
Failure to taper doses prior to discontiuance
Type F reactions
Unexpected failure of therapy
Failed contraception due to antibiotic use
Clopidogrel failure with omeprazole
Metabolic changes due to drug interactions
Type G reactions
Genetic reactions
Changes in acetylation or metabolism
G6PD deficiency
