SSM TCAR FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED ANSWERS|| TCAR SSM ||
GUARANTEED A+ || NEW VERSION 2025
What is Zone 1 of the neck? - ANSWER-It is the lowermost portion, from the
sternal notch to cricoid cartilage
What is Zone 2 of the neck? - ANSWER-The majority of the neck, from cricoid
to angle of the mandible
What is Zone 3 of the neck? - ANSWER-It is from the angle of the mandible to
the base of the skull
What does stridor indicate? - ANSWER-It indicates significant airway
obstruction
What is hyphema and how is it treated? - ANSWER-It is blood in the anterior
chamber of the eye. Elevate HOB to pool blood in the lower portion of the
anterior chamber. Avoid analgesics with antiplatelet effects - NSAIDS and ASA
What is the ratio for crystalloid replacement to blood loss? - ANSWER-3 or 4 :
1
What is the magic pressure numbers? (ICP, ACS) - ANSWER-Approximately
20mm Hg is the pressure required to squeeze a capillary closed, regardless of
where it is located, as soon as it closes, flow is impeded.
,What are early findings of end organ hypo perfusion? - ANSWER-Widened
pulse pressure (dropping diastolic pressure)
Decrease U/O, decreased pulse ox, increase resp rate, restlessness
What are SIRS criteria? - ANSWER-When 2 or more are met:
Temp >38.3 or <36
RR >20,
HR>90,
PaCO2< 32
What is muscle compartment syndrome? - ANSWER-Elevated fascial
compartment pressure, higher than arterial pressure. MOST prominent symptom
is unrelieved pain
What is the ankle-brachial pressure index? - ANSWER-SBP of ankle (lower
leg) divided by
SBP of brachial (upper arm), normal is 1,
<0.8 means decreased flow
What is the most life-threatening complication of pelvic ring disruption? -
ANSWER-Hemorrhage from the major arteries or veins, deep smaller vessels,
or from the bone itself
Where should pelvic splinting be applied? - ANSWER-apply over the greater
trochanter, not the iliac crest
What femur fracture location is the most common? - ANSWER-
Midshaft/middle third "like a long pencil"
, What is the initial intervention for a mid-shaft fémur fracture? -
ANSWERTraction splinting; Goal is to reestablish a con-shaped thigh to limit
the space available for hemorrhage. Traction splints work by pushing on the
pelvis and pulling on the ankle
What are the definitive options for pelvic fracture stabilization and hemorrhage
control? - ANSWER-External Fixation Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? - ANSWERIntramedullary
nail fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? - ANSWER-The bone is in multiple pieces
What symptoms are seen with neurogenic shock? - ANSWER-Bradycardia,
hypotension, and widened pulse pressure
What are injuries seen with lap belts only? - ANSWER-Lumbar spine fractures
are a risk, and may not be evident until the patient stands
How much volume can a pelvic fracture lose? - ANSWER-High risk of
hemorrhage, and lose 750-5000 ml of blood
How are open book pelvic fractures managed? - ANSWER-May be managed
with external fixators
How are lateral compression fractures managed? - ANSWER-Usally required
ORIF
How much hemorrhagic volume is associated with a humerus fracture? -
ANSWER-500-1500 ml
AND DETAILED ANSWERS|| TCAR SSM ||
GUARANTEED A+ || NEW VERSION 2025
What is Zone 1 of the neck? - ANSWER-It is the lowermost portion, from the
sternal notch to cricoid cartilage
What is Zone 2 of the neck? - ANSWER-The majority of the neck, from cricoid
to angle of the mandible
What is Zone 3 of the neck? - ANSWER-It is from the angle of the mandible to
the base of the skull
What does stridor indicate? - ANSWER-It indicates significant airway
obstruction
What is hyphema and how is it treated? - ANSWER-It is blood in the anterior
chamber of the eye. Elevate HOB to pool blood in the lower portion of the
anterior chamber. Avoid analgesics with antiplatelet effects - NSAIDS and ASA
What is the ratio for crystalloid replacement to blood loss? - ANSWER-3 or 4 :
1
What is the magic pressure numbers? (ICP, ACS) - ANSWER-Approximately
20mm Hg is the pressure required to squeeze a capillary closed, regardless of
where it is located, as soon as it closes, flow is impeded.
,What are early findings of end organ hypo perfusion? - ANSWER-Widened
pulse pressure (dropping diastolic pressure)
Decrease U/O, decreased pulse ox, increase resp rate, restlessness
What are SIRS criteria? - ANSWER-When 2 or more are met:
Temp >38.3 or <36
RR >20,
HR>90,
PaCO2< 32
What is muscle compartment syndrome? - ANSWER-Elevated fascial
compartment pressure, higher than arterial pressure. MOST prominent symptom
is unrelieved pain
What is the ankle-brachial pressure index? - ANSWER-SBP of ankle (lower
leg) divided by
SBP of brachial (upper arm), normal is 1,
<0.8 means decreased flow
What is the most life-threatening complication of pelvic ring disruption? -
ANSWER-Hemorrhage from the major arteries or veins, deep smaller vessels,
or from the bone itself
Where should pelvic splinting be applied? - ANSWER-apply over the greater
trochanter, not the iliac crest
What femur fracture location is the most common? - ANSWER-
Midshaft/middle third "like a long pencil"
, What is the initial intervention for a mid-shaft fémur fracture? -
ANSWERTraction splinting; Goal is to reestablish a con-shaped thigh to limit
the space available for hemorrhage. Traction splints work by pushing on the
pelvis and pulling on the ankle
What are the definitive options for pelvic fracture stabilization and hemorrhage
control? - ANSWER-External Fixation Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? - ANSWERIntramedullary
nail fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? - ANSWER-The bone is in multiple pieces
What symptoms are seen with neurogenic shock? - ANSWER-Bradycardia,
hypotension, and widened pulse pressure
What are injuries seen with lap belts only? - ANSWER-Lumbar spine fractures
are a risk, and may not be evident until the patient stands
How much volume can a pelvic fracture lose? - ANSWER-High risk of
hemorrhage, and lose 750-5000 ml of blood
How are open book pelvic fractures managed? - ANSWER-May be managed
with external fixators
How are lateral compression fractures managed? - ANSWER-Usally required
ORIF
How much hemorrhagic volume is associated with a humerus fracture? -
ANSWER-500-1500 ml
