Who appears in Official Cohen (1955) - Status frustration
Statistics the most?
Young W/C males cannot often achieve
It is known to be success through mainstream values, and this
individuals causes problems for them.
between the ages
of ~16-24 (young They are therefore given little or no respect. (They face
adults) who appear status frustration).
in official statistics
the most. W/C adolescents create their own subcultures as a solution,
with norms and values that differ from mainstream society.
In particular,
young W/C males. They value criminal and anti-social behaviour which helps them to
cope with the problem of status frustration.
Therefore, the collective deviance and crime that takes place to
suffice for the problem of status frustration can be shown to make
up a large majority of the demographic for age and crime in
official statistics.
Crime and
Deviance -
Age and
Crime Cloward and Ohlin (1961) - Opportunity structures
They believe that delinquency results from legitimate opportunity
structures being closed for young W/C males.
They distinguish between different forms of delinquent subcultures:
- Criminal subculture
Provides an illegitimate opportunity structure and is developed
in areas where crime is well established. Role models can
teach young W/C males how to climb the professional criminal
ladder.
- Conflict subculture
This is developed in areas where there is no
provision of an opportunity structure. Frustration
among young men leads to violence.
- Retreatist subculture
No success through any type of
means exists here. Crime that is
committed revolves around drugs,
typically usage and possession.
Statistics the most?
Young W/C males cannot often achieve
It is known to be success through mainstream values, and this
individuals causes problems for them.
between the ages
of ~16-24 (young They are therefore given little or no respect. (They face
adults) who appear status frustration).
in official statistics
the most. W/C adolescents create their own subcultures as a solution,
with norms and values that differ from mainstream society.
In particular,
young W/C males. They value criminal and anti-social behaviour which helps them to
cope with the problem of status frustration.
Therefore, the collective deviance and crime that takes place to
suffice for the problem of status frustration can be shown to make
up a large majority of the demographic for age and crime in
official statistics.
Crime and
Deviance -
Age and
Crime Cloward and Ohlin (1961) - Opportunity structures
They believe that delinquency results from legitimate opportunity
structures being closed for young W/C males.
They distinguish between different forms of delinquent subcultures:
- Criminal subculture
Provides an illegitimate opportunity structure and is developed
in areas where crime is well established. Role models can
teach young W/C males how to climb the professional criminal
ladder.
- Conflict subculture
This is developed in areas where there is no
provision of an opportunity structure. Frustration
among young men leads to violence.
- Retreatist subculture
No success through any type of
means exists here. Crime that is
committed revolves around drugs,
typically usage and possession.
