Giddens - ‘Fundamentalism and Cosmopolitanism’
Globalisation is thought to have created a rise in fundamentalism, however Giddens
distinguishes between the two. Countries have seen a rise in either one or the other.
- Fundamentalism
This is intolerant of other beliefs, they believe they have a monopoly on the truth and
they justify their rigid views by doctrine (a code of belief) and sacred texts. It is seen as
a product of and reaction to globalisation, which undermines traditional
social norms.
- Cosmopolitanism
This is tolerant of the views of others and open to new ideas.
It embraces modernity and requires people to justify views
using rational arguments and evidence.
The pick n mix era. Giddens sees
fundamentalism as the enemy of
cosmopolitanism.
Through this, we can see that globalisation
Beliefs - has had both positive and negative effects
by creating these two.
Fundamentalism vs
Cosmopolitanism
Huntington - The clash of civilisations
He predicted that religious and cultural views would become
the main source of conflict.
Globalisation has increased contact between different
cultures, and has also led to a loss of national identities where
religion has been able to fill this gap.
Religious differences are creating a hostile
‘them’ and ‘us’ relationship, with increased
competition for economic, military and political
power (e.g. The Taliban in the Middle East).
Huntington anticipated that the growing
conflict between Islam and Christianity would
result in a ‘clash of civilisations’
- HOWEVER…
This has criticism due to the fact it is seen
as stereotyping of Eastern nations and
muslims in particular being untrustworthy
and inferior. (Orientalism)
Globalisation is thought to have created a rise in fundamentalism, however Giddens
distinguishes between the two. Countries have seen a rise in either one or the other.
- Fundamentalism
This is intolerant of other beliefs, they believe they have a monopoly on the truth and
they justify their rigid views by doctrine (a code of belief) and sacred texts. It is seen as
a product of and reaction to globalisation, which undermines traditional
social norms.
- Cosmopolitanism
This is tolerant of the views of others and open to new ideas.
It embraces modernity and requires people to justify views
using rational arguments and evidence.
The pick n mix era. Giddens sees
fundamentalism as the enemy of
cosmopolitanism.
Through this, we can see that globalisation
Beliefs - has had both positive and negative effects
by creating these two.
Fundamentalism vs
Cosmopolitanism
Huntington - The clash of civilisations
He predicted that religious and cultural views would become
the main source of conflict.
Globalisation has increased contact between different
cultures, and has also led to a loss of national identities where
religion has been able to fill this gap.
Religious differences are creating a hostile
‘them’ and ‘us’ relationship, with increased
competition for economic, military and political
power (e.g. The Taliban in the Middle East).
Huntington anticipated that the growing
conflict between Islam and Christianity would
result in a ‘clash of civilisations’
- HOWEVER…
This has criticism due to the fact it is seen
as stereotyping of Eastern nations and
muslims in particular being untrustworthy
and inferior. (Orientalism)
