Test Bank - for Statistics for Nursing Research A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K. Grove, All Chapters | Complete Guide A+

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Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research A
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Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice, 3rd Edition,
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Susan Grove, Daisha Cipher N N N




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1
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Ratio

The questions are in bold followed by answers.
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1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement
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N variable. Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug categories
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Nwere probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of drugs
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Nthe subjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients
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Nare usually on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health
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Nproblems. The current therapies are not measured at the ordinal level because they
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Ncannot be rank ordered, since no drug category can be considered more or less
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Nbeneficial than another drug category (see Figure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
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2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study?
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Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the
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Ncardiac patients N




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your this category of drug, which was the most common
were receiving N N N N N N N N N N




prescribed drug for thissample.
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3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this
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sample? Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or
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inappropriate.
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Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI
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measurement resulted in ratio-level data with continuous values and an absolute zero
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(Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio- level data should be analyzed with parametric
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Nstatistics such as the mean and SD (Grove & Gray,2017; Knapp, 2017).
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4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income
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Nin a study:What category identifies your current income as an RN?
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a. Less than $50,000 N N




b. $50,000 to 59,999 N N




c. $60,000 to 69,999 N N




d. $70,000 to 80,000 N N




e. $80,000 or greater N N




What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income
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variable follow the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your
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answer.
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Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal
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Nlevel. The income catego- ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000
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Nto greater than
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$80,000. The two open-ended N N N




AG 1-1 N




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AG 1-2
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categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive,
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since catego- ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants
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Nmaking
$80,000 might mark either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in
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Nerroneous data. Category (e) could be changed to greater than $80,000, making the N N N N N N N N N N N N




categories exclusive. The categories can be rank ordered from the lowest salary to
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Nthe highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Grove & Gray, 2019;
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NWaltz et al., 2017). N N N




5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-item
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Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants
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rated their symp- toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers
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Nindicating increased severity in the depression symptoms. The total scores for each
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subject obtained from this multi-item scale are considered to be at the interval level of
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measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et al., 2017).
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6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores forthe
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Ncardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: Parametric statistics, such as Nmean and SD, were conducted to N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N




describe CDS scores for study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-level
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data as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this
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level of data (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
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7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical
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N importance of this result. N N N




Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression
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Nincreased with the greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were
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Ndepressed, whereas 11% of the subjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the
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NNYHA class increased, the number of sub- jects with depression increased. This is an expected
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finding because as the NYHA class increases, cardiac patients have more severe
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Nphysical symptoms, which usually result in emotional distress, such as depression.
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NNurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, especially those in
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Nhigher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
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8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not
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Nbeing treated with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round
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Nyour answer to the nearest whole percent (%).
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Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The
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sample included 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see
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NTable 1). The number of N cardiac patients not treated forN N N N N N N N N




depression was 91 (106 – 15
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= 91). The group percent is calculated by the following formula: (group
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N frequency your÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study, (91 patients ÷
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N 106 sample size) × 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The
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N answer is
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