EXAM 1 SPECIAL NEEDS IN EARLY
CHILDHOOD QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
History of special needs - Correct Answers --influences on the special education field
from intervention attempts, early childhood education, theories of development
- changed in understanding towards early intervention
- nurse-family partnership
- head start
- early intervention
HISTORY OF SPECIAL NEEDS - Correct Answers -• 1930's- Idea of inclusion begins •
1950's & 60's- realized the brain can grow and change, not fixed
• 2000's- importance of early childhood experience, toxic stress, and early brain
architecture (Center on Developing Child, 2009).
• Easier to build it right then fix it
Legislation changes: 3-5 years - Correct Answers -PART B: 3-5 YEAR OLD SERVICES
• Started 1986
• Individualized Education Plan (school setting)
• "Special Education"- continues through schooling
• Mandates school district to provide a "free and appropriate education in the least
restrictive environment"
working with diverse family cultures - Correct Answers -Acknowledge own values,
biases, tendencies, culture, ethnicity.
• Reflective practices are crucial as cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes tend to be
unconscious.
• Cultural sensitivity is about atonement and "interpersonal sensitivity". Prior knowledge
forms hypothesize that when tested change our perceptions (Lieberman,
-Contextually congruent approach -Attention to culture in balance with current and
historical factors.
Working with diverse family cultures - Correct Answers -• GET TO KNOW THE
FAMILIES YOU WORK WITH...
• Be curious, be reflective, use your resources, & get professional development.
• Ethnicities & Language Differences
• Culture ≠ Ethnicity
, • Special Populations
• Single-Parent Households
• At risk families (ACE Factors)
• Divorce
Early Childhood assessment purpose - Correct Answers -1. developmental and
behavioral screening
2. eligibility of IDEA
3. planning instruction
4. revising instruction
5. program evaluation
6. accountability
Legislation changes 0-3 years - Correct Answers -PART C: 0-3 YEAR OLD SERVICES
• Started 1991/1997
• Individualized Family Service Plan (natural environment/home setting)
• "Early Intervention"
Categories of disability under IDEA ACT - Correct Answers -Part B: Fit into a category
of disability • must interfere with their ability to gain an education.
• Part C: 25% delay or greater in any area
• once you qualify you have services till 3 yrs old
Foundation principles of practice - Correct Answers -Influence of NAYEC (National
Association for the Education of Young Children) on promoting developmentally
appropriate practices (Cook, Klein, & Chen, 2016). • Defines developmentally
appropriate practices (DAP) as considering three components:
1. Typical development at each age
2. Knowledge of the individual child including strengths, challenges, etc.
3. Culturally appropriate • -
- Developmentally appropriate vs. age appropriate
Inclusion - Correct Answers -• Children with developmental disabilities (DDs) who are
included exhibit: ↑ cognitive, language, communication, motor & social competence
disabilities (DDs) who are included exhibit: ↑ cognitive, language, communication, motor
& social competence (Odom et al. 2004; Roper & Dunst, 2003)
• Children with typical development (TD) also benefit: increases in sensitivity to
individual differences
Challenges to Inclusion - Correct Answers --Inclusion can be a challenge in education
or natural settings.
-We have come a long way in our understanding of why, how, and when to include
children with special needs.
• Empowering families leads to more inclusion for child.
CHILDHOOD QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
History of special needs - Correct Answers --influences on the special education field
from intervention attempts, early childhood education, theories of development
- changed in understanding towards early intervention
- nurse-family partnership
- head start
- early intervention
HISTORY OF SPECIAL NEEDS - Correct Answers -• 1930's- Idea of inclusion begins •
1950's & 60's- realized the brain can grow and change, not fixed
• 2000's- importance of early childhood experience, toxic stress, and early brain
architecture (Center on Developing Child, 2009).
• Easier to build it right then fix it
Legislation changes: 3-5 years - Correct Answers -PART B: 3-5 YEAR OLD SERVICES
• Started 1986
• Individualized Education Plan (school setting)
• "Special Education"- continues through schooling
• Mandates school district to provide a "free and appropriate education in the least
restrictive environment"
working with diverse family cultures - Correct Answers -Acknowledge own values,
biases, tendencies, culture, ethnicity.
• Reflective practices are crucial as cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes tend to be
unconscious.
• Cultural sensitivity is about atonement and "interpersonal sensitivity". Prior knowledge
forms hypothesize that when tested change our perceptions (Lieberman,
-Contextually congruent approach -Attention to culture in balance with current and
historical factors.
Working with diverse family cultures - Correct Answers -• GET TO KNOW THE
FAMILIES YOU WORK WITH...
• Be curious, be reflective, use your resources, & get professional development.
• Ethnicities & Language Differences
• Culture ≠ Ethnicity
, • Special Populations
• Single-Parent Households
• At risk families (ACE Factors)
• Divorce
Early Childhood assessment purpose - Correct Answers -1. developmental and
behavioral screening
2. eligibility of IDEA
3. planning instruction
4. revising instruction
5. program evaluation
6. accountability
Legislation changes 0-3 years - Correct Answers -PART C: 0-3 YEAR OLD SERVICES
• Started 1991/1997
• Individualized Family Service Plan (natural environment/home setting)
• "Early Intervention"
Categories of disability under IDEA ACT - Correct Answers -Part B: Fit into a category
of disability • must interfere with their ability to gain an education.
• Part C: 25% delay or greater in any area
• once you qualify you have services till 3 yrs old
Foundation principles of practice - Correct Answers -Influence of NAYEC (National
Association for the Education of Young Children) on promoting developmentally
appropriate practices (Cook, Klein, & Chen, 2016). • Defines developmentally
appropriate practices (DAP) as considering three components:
1. Typical development at each age
2. Knowledge of the individual child including strengths, challenges, etc.
3. Culturally appropriate • -
- Developmentally appropriate vs. age appropriate
Inclusion - Correct Answers -• Children with developmental disabilities (DDs) who are
included exhibit: ↑ cognitive, language, communication, motor & social competence
disabilities (DDs) who are included exhibit: ↑ cognitive, language, communication, motor
& social competence (Odom et al. 2004; Roper & Dunst, 2003)
• Children with typical development (TD) also benefit: increases in sensitivity to
individual differences
Challenges to Inclusion - Correct Answers --Inclusion can be a challenge in education
or natural settings.
-We have come a long way in our understanding of why, how, and when to include
children with special needs.
• Empowering families leads to more inclusion for child.
