PEDS-GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The nurse is caring for an infant who has been prescribed nystatin (Mycostatin). The nurse
teaches the mother how to prevent aggravation of oral thrush. Which statements by the
mother indicate the need for further teaching? Select all that apply. - ANS "I should boil the
pacifier for at least 20 minutes on alternate days."
"I should apply the medication at least 20 minutes before feeding."
"I should boil the reusable nipples for at least 5 minutes after washing."
Rationale: Nystatin (Mycostatin) is used to treat oral thrush in infants. Boiling the pacifier for 20
minutes on alternate days can increase the risk of infection because daily boiling of the pacifier
is the best way to ensure efficient sterilization and killing of pathogens. Therefore, pacifiers
should be boiled daily for at least 20 minutes. Nystatin (Mycostatin) should be administered to
the child after feeding, not before feeding. Reusable nipples should be boiled at least 20
minutes after washing to remove spores, which are heat-resistant. Rinsing the infant's mouth
after feeding with plain water reduces the risk of infection in the infant. Nystatin (Mycostatin)
should be applied four times a day to the infant's oral cavity to ensure effective drug action.
Which assessment findings of a child would indicate a need for genetic consultation? Select all
that apply. - ANS Visual or hearing problems , Family history of mental illness, Development
and speech delays, Excessive bleeding or excessive clotting
Rationale: Visual or hearing problems may indicate a genetic disorder and should be assessed
thoroughly. Mental illness is a hereditary disorder that can be transmitted through genes to the
child. Therefore, a family history of any mental illness indicates a need for genetic consultation
so that preventive measures and treatment can be initiated. Development and speech delays
may indicate a genetic disorder, like autism or another behavioral disorder. Bleeding disorders
like sickle cell anemia are also inherited and need genetic consultation. Fetal alcohol syndrome
is not inherited, but caused by maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy.
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, While caring for a breastfeeding patient, the nurse instructs the patient to begin feeding the
infant when the child is quiet and alert. The nurse observes that the infant begins fussing and
crying. What behavior does the infant display? - ANS Prefeeding behavior
Rationale: The infant is crying and fussing, which indicates high arousal and hunger. This
behavior is termed prefeeding behavior. To enable the infant to gain a proper grasp of the
mother's breast, the nurse instructs the mother to begin feeding before the onset of prefeeding
behavior. The infant who is satisfied with the feeding exhibits satiety and usually becomes calm
and falls asleep. Sucking movements and rooting reflex indicate approach behavior.
Consummatory behavior is demonstrated by coordinated sucking and swallowing.
What are the different patterns of physical development and maturation of neuromuscular
functions in a child? Select all that apply. - ANS Proximodistal, Cephalocaudal ,
Differentiation
Rationale: Proximodistal development refers to near-to-far development in the infant. The
infant first gains motor control of the shoulder and then the hands. Additionally, the infant's
central nervous system (CNS) develops more rapidly than the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Cephalocaudal is the head-to-tail growth seen in a child. The infant achieves control of the head
first, followed by the trunks and extremities. Infants gain control of their hands before they are
able to control their feet. Differentiation refers to the development from simple operations to
more complex activities and functions. For instance, early embryonal cells develop into an
immensely complex organism made up of highly specialized and diversified cells, tissues, and
organs. Sensorimotor development is not a pattern of development, but a part of the theory of
cognitive development as proposed by Piaget. Fowler proposed the undifferentiated stage of
spiritual development, in which the child has no concept of right and wrong to guide the child's
behavior.
While assessing a stool sample from an infant, the nurse finds that the infant has passed
golden-colored stool. What does the nurse interpret from this finding? - ANS The infant is
breastfeeding.
Rationale: An infant who is being breastfed will pass golden-colored stool. An infant with
jaundice will pass greenish-yellow stools due to excess bilirubin. An infant who is on formula
milk will pass pale-yellow to light-brown stools. The first stool passed by an infant after birth is
called meconium and is black and tarry.
The parents inform the nurse that their child is often seen daydreaming. What does the nurse
inform the parents? - ANS "The child is exhibiting normal behavior seen in children."
2 COPYRIGHT © 2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The nurse is caring for an infant who has been prescribed nystatin (Mycostatin). The nurse
teaches the mother how to prevent aggravation of oral thrush. Which statements by the
mother indicate the need for further teaching? Select all that apply. - ANS "I should boil the
pacifier for at least 20 minutes on alternate days."
"I should apply the medication at least 20 minutes before feeding."
"I should boil the reusable nipples for at least 5 minutes after washing."
Rationale: Nystatin (Mycostatin) is used to treat oral thrush in infants. Boiling the pacifier for 20
minutes on alternate days can increase the risk of infection because daily boiling of the pacifier
is the best way to ensure efficient sterilization and killing of pathogens. Therefore, pacifiers
should be boiled daily for at least 20 minutes. Nystatin (Mycostatin) should be administered to
the child after feeding, not before feeding. Reusable nipples should be boiled at least 20
minutes after washing to remove spores, which are heat-resistant. Rinsing the infant's mouth
after feeding with plain water reduces the risk of infection in the infant. Nystatin (Mycostatin)
should be applied four times a day to the infant's oral cavity to ensure effective drug action.
Which assessment findings of a child would indicate a need for genetic consultation? Select all
that apply. - ANS Visual or hearing problems , Family history of mental illness, Development
and speech delays, Excessive bleeding or excessive clotting
Rationale: Visual or hearing problems may indicate a genetic disorder and should be assessed
thoroughly. Mental illness is a hereditary disorder that can be transmitted through genes to the
child. Therefore, a family history of any mental illness indicates a need for genetic consultation
so that preventive measures and treatment can be initiated. Development and speech delays
may indicate a genetic disorder, like autism or another behavioral disorder. Bleeding disorders
like sickle cell anemia are also inherited and need genetic consultation. Fetal alcohol syndrome
is not inherited, but caused by maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy.
1 COPYRIGHT © 2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, While caring for a breastfeeding patient, the nurse instructs the patient to begin feeding the
infant when the child is quiet and alert. The nurse observes that the infant begins fussing and
crying. What behavior does the infant display? - ANS Prefeeding behavior
Rationale: The infant is crying and fussing, which indicates high arousal and hunger. This
behavior is termed prefeeding behavior. To enable the infant to gain a proper grasp of the
mother's breast, the nurse instructs the mother to begin feeding before the onset of prefeeding
behavior. The infant who is satisfied with the feeding exhibits satiety and usually becomes calm
and falls asleep. Sucking movements and rooting reflex indicate approach behavior.
Consummatory behavior is demonstrated by coordinated sucking and swallowing.
What are the different patterns of physical development and maturation of neuromuscular
functions in a child? Select all that apply. - ANS Proximodistal, Cephalocaudal ,
Differentiation
Rationale: Proximodistal development refers to near-to-far development in the infant. The
infant first gains motor control of the shoulder and then the hands. Additionally, the infant's
central nervous system (CNS) develops more rapidly than the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Cephalocaudal is the head-to-tail growth seen in a child. The infant achieves control of the head
first, followed by the trunks and extremities. Infants gain control of their hands before they are
able to control their feet. Differentiation refers to the development from simple operations to
more complex activities and functions. For instance, early embryonal cells develop into an
immensely complex organism made up of highly specialized and diversified cells, tissues, and
organs. Sensorimotor development is not a pattern of development, but a part of the theory of
cognitive development as proposed by Piaget. Fowler proposed the undifferentiated stage of
spiritual development, in which the child has no concept of right and wrong to guide the child's
behavior.
While assessing a stool sample from an infant, the nurse finds that the infant has passed
golden-colored stool. What does the nurse interpret from this finding? - ANS The infant is
breastfeeding.
Rationale: An infant who is being breastfed will pass golden-colored stool. An infant with
jaundice will pass greenish-yellow stools due to excess bilirubin. An infant who is on formula
milk will pass pale-yellow to light-brown stools. The first stool passed by an infant after birth is
called meconium and is black and tarry.
The parents inform the nurse that their child is often seen daydreaming. What does the nurse
inform the parents? - ANS "The child is exhibiting normal behavior seen in children."
2 COPYRIGHT © 2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
