Bandura et al 1963, 1965
Influence of models’ reinforcement
1965:
Film-mediated aggressive models Aim - whether reinforcement and
1963: punishment of an aggressive model would
Aims - investigate whether a filmed model
influence the aggression displayed by the
would have the same effect as a live model
children as a response to frustration.
on children’s aggression. Secondary aim
Procedure:
was to investigate whether cartoon
Lab experiment with independent
aggression would have a similar impact to
groups design
realistic filmed aggression.
33 boys and 33 girls from 41-71 months
Procedure:
from the same nursery as before
Lab experiment with independent
IV= observed consequence, DV=
groups design
aggression in children
48 boys and 48 girls between 39-52
Randomly allocated groups:
months selected from Stanford
Model-rewarded condition -
University nursery
children saw an adult praise the
IV= model, DV= level of aggression
model for their aggression and give
Children randomly allocated groups:
them a drink and chocolate
Live aggression condition - watch
Model-punished condition - second
adult aggress towards a doll
adult scolded model and spanked
Filmed realistic aggression - watch
them with a rolled up magazine
the same behavior on a screen
No-consequence condition - model
Cartoon aggression condition -
was neither reinforced nor
model dressed as a cartoon cat
punished
Control group - no aggression
Deliberately frustrated and take
Deliberately frustrated and take
out anger in playroom - all three
out anger in playroom
groups later offered attractive
Findings - Three experimental groups
rewards to aggress towards the
showed increases of aggression. Mean
dolls
total live=82, filmed=92 and cartoon=99
Findings - model-punishment were
Conclusion - exposure to filmed or live
significantly less aggressive but the
aggression increases the likelihood of
promise of rewards wiped that away
aggression in response to frustration.
Conclusion - vicarious punishment
reduces imitated aggression.
Influence of models’ reinforcement
1965:
Film-mediated aggressive models Aim - whether reinforcement and
1963: punishment of an aggressive model would
Aims - investigate whether a filmed model
influence the aggression displayed by the
would have the same effect as a live model
children as a response to frustration.
on children’s aggression. Secondary aim
Procedure:
was to investigate whether cartoon
Lab experiment with independent
aggression would have a similar impact to
groups design
realistic filmed aggression.
33 boys and 33 girls from 41-71 months
Procedure:
from the same nursery as before
Lab experiment with independent
IV= observed consequence, DV=
groups design
aggression in children
48 boys and 48 girls between 39-52
Randomly allocated groups:
months selected from Stanford
Model-rewarded condition -
University nursery
children saw an adult praise the
IV= model, DV= level of aggression
model for their aggression and give
Children randomly allocated groups:
them a drink and chocolate
Live aggression condition - watch
Model-punished condition - second
adult aggress towards a doll
adult scolded model and spanked
Filmed realistic aggression - watch
them with a rolled up magazine
the same behavior on a screen
No-consequence condition - model
Cartoon aggression condition -
was neither reinforced nor
model dressed as a cartoon cat
punished
Control group - no aggression
Deliberately frustrated and take
Deliberately frustrated and take
out anger in playroom - all three
out anger in playroom
groups later offered attractive
Findings - Three experimental groups
rewards to aggress towards the
showed increases of aggression. Mean
dolls
total live=82, filmed=92 and cartoon=99
Findings - model-punishment were
Conclusion - exposure to filmed or live
significantly less aggressive but the
aggression increases the likelihood of
promise of rewards wiped that away
aggression in response to frustration.
Conclusion - vicarious punishment
reduces imitated aggression.
