Civil Rights Revision – The quest for civil rights 1917-80
Black American civil rights 1917-55
Life in the south and impact of Northern migration 1917-32
- Segregation in the south – Jim Crow laws, limited voting rights, Ku Klux
Klan
- Southern states had legal segregation – Plessy v Ferguson decision –
separate but equal
- 15 amendment granted legal right to vote – southern states
disenfranchised bl americans – Grandfather clause, literacy tests,
home owners, intimidation – Louisiana registered number of bl voters
dropped from 130,000 in 1896 to 1342 in 1904
- KKK – 1925 membership – 3-8 million, radically expression of wh
supremacy, targeted bl ppl that showed any sign of disrespect to wh
ppl, lynching, 1915-29 increasingly powerful – Birth of a Nation – movie
inspired the KKK, portrayed bl ppl as sex deprived monsters
- Limited fed gov intervention in the south – separate but equal – Wilson
had no issue with segregation, Coolidge and Harding laissez faire –
didnt seek to enforce it by legislation, fed focused on corrected great
depression
- Great Migration 1917-32 – many bl americans migrated from the south
to northern states – triggered by increase in war work available in the
north
- Segregation still existed in both north and south – black wards – areas
of bl population in cities
- Southern states segregation was more than northern states – jim crow
laws in the south – de jure segregation
- Northern states more economically prosperous, no de jure segregation
and were free states
- Afr Am in the north experienced de facto segregation – low paid jobs,
separate living in black wards or neighbourhoods
- Great migration led to increasing distribution of civil rights movement –
more significant bases for organising civil rights in the North
- Southern states had shrinking labour force as an impact and faced
economic problems
- 1910-70 over 6 million bl ppl migrated from rural south to northern
cities
- De Facto segregation in the north – difficult to find homes or get jobs,
accommodation was crowded and expensive – forcing ppl to ghettos
, - Worsened race relations in the north – larger bl pop seen as threat –
directly contributing to the return of KKK – demobilised soldiers caused
race riots at the end of the north as they resented increased
competition for jobs and housing – context red scare – calling bl protest
communist
Impact of New Deal, Second World War and the Truman presidency
- New Deal gave bl ppl employment rights, gov jobs
- New Deal had colour blind language – no reference to race – saw
change in voting patterns – bl ppl voted for FDR
- Reality – FDR did little to advance civil rights
- Positives of ND – jobs – bl in gov jobs increase of 100,000 by 1941
- Bl cabinet – 50 employed in senior positions – Eleanor Roosevelt
opposed racism
- New housing for low income families
- Negative
- 200,000 bl sharecroppers evicted – by AAA
- Tennesse valley authority practiced segregation
- Poverty of bl ppl disproportionate amount of New Deal aid – excluded
from pension and unemployment provisions of social security act
- Creation of NAACP – national association for the advancement of
coloured ppl – increasing activism within segregation
- WW2 – 2m bl am moved to cities to work in defence industries –
Detroit, LA – accelerate the Great Migration
- Over 1m served in armed forces and resented hypocrisy of war against
Germany
- 1944 GI bill of rights gave veterans aid from gov for college education
or setting up businesses
- Feb 1942 Pittsburgh Courier launched the Double V campaign – victory
against racism abroad, against racism at home
- NAACP rose from 50,000 to 450,000 mostly from southern
professionals
- Veterans returned home more determined to fight for rights and not
miss opportunity like had happened after WW1
- Demand for labour during the war encouraged trade union to threaten
a march on Washington unless the armed forces and workplace were
desegregated – June 1941 FDR issue executive order 8802
desegregate defence industries – limited de facto success – FEPC – fair
employment practices committee set up and try to enforce
Black American civil rights 1917-55
Life in the south and impact of Northern migration 1917-32
- Segregation in the south – Jim Crow laws, limited voting rights, Ku Klux
Klan
- Southern states had legal segregation – Plessy v Ferguson decision –
separate but equal
- 15 amendment granted legal right to vote – southern states
disenfranchised bl americans – Grandfather clause, literacy tests,
home owners, intimidation – Louisiana registered number of bl voters
dropped from 130,000 in 1896 to 1342 in 1904
- KKK – 1925 membership – 3-8 million, radically expression of wh
supremacy, targeted bl ppl that showed any sign of disrespect to wh
ppl, lynching, 1915-29 increasingly powerful – Birth of a Nation – movie
inspired the KKK, portrayed bl ppl as sex deprived monsters
- Limited fed gov intervention in the south – separate but equal – Wilson
had no issue with segregation, Coolidge and Harding laissez faire –
didnt seek to enforce it by legislation, fed focused on corrected great
depression
- Great Migration 1917-32 – many bl americans migrated from the south
to northern states – triggered by increase in war work available in the
north
- Segregation still existed in both north and south – black wards – areas
of bl population in cities
- Southern states segregation was more than northern states – jim crow
laws in the south – de jure segregation
- Northern states more economically prosperous, no de jure segregation
and were free states
- Afr Am in the north experienced de facto segregation – low paid jobs,
separate living in black wards or neighbourhoods
- Great migration led to increasing distribution of civil rights movement –
more significant bases for organising civil rights in the North
- Southern states had shrinking labour force as an impact and faced
economic problems
- 1910-70 over 6 million bl ppl migrated from rural south to northern
cities
- De Facto segregation in the north – difficult to find homes or get jobs,
accommodation was crowded and expensive – forcing ppl to ghettos
, - Worsened race relations in the north – larger bl pop seen as threat –
directly contributing to the return of KKK – demobilised soldiers caused
race riots at the end of the north as they resented increased
competition for jobs and housing – context red scare – calling bl protest
communist
Impact of New Deal, Second World War and the Truman presidency
- New Deal gave bl ppl employment rights, gov jobs
- New Deal had colour blind language – no reference to race – saw
change in voting patterns – bl ppl voted for FDR
- Reality – FDR did little to advance civil rights
- Positives of ND – jobs – bl in gov jobs increase of 100,000 by 1941
- Bl cabinet – 50 employed in senior positions – Eleanor Roosevelt
opposed racism
- New housing for low income families
- Negative
- 200,000 bl sharecroppers evicted – by AAA
- Tennesse valley authority practiced segregation
- Poverty of bl ppl disproportionate amount of New Deal aid – excluded
from pension and unemployment provisions of social security act
- Creation of NAACP – national association for the advancement of
coloured ppl – increasing activism within segregation
- WW2 – 2m bl am moved to cities to work in defence industries –
Detroit, LA – accelerate the Great Migration
- Over 1m served in armed forces and resented hypocrisy of war against
Germany
- 1944 GI bill of rights gave veterans aid from gov for college education
or setting up businesses
- Feb 1942 Pittsburgh Courier launched the Double V campaign – victory
against racism abroad, against racism at home
- NAACP rose from 50,000 to 450,000 mostly from southern
professionals
- Veterans returned home more determined to fight for rights and not
miss opportunity like had happened after WW1
- Demand for labour during the war encouraged trade union to threaten
a march on Washington unless the armed forces and workplace were
desegregated – June 1941 FDR issue executive order 8802
desegregate defence industries – limited de facto success – FEPC – fair
employment practices committee set up and try to enforce
