In the electron transport chain, the energy from high-energy electrons is transformed into______
before being used to generate ATP
a proton gradient
In intestinal epithelial cells, a transport protein moves the bulky, polar glucose molecules through the
membrane into the cytoplasm, while at the same time it transports Na+ through the membrane into
the cell down its electrochemical gradient. Which example correctly describes the cotransport of
glucose and sodium?
secondary active transport by symporter
If oxygen is unavailable, predict what happens to the citric acid cycle?
it will stop because the supplies of NAD+ and FAD will become depleted
Glycolysis is a series of chemical reactions (endergonic and exergonic) by which the cell can obtain
ATP?
NAD+ plays a crucial role in the reactions of glycolysis by:accepting electrons during glycolysis, with
the overall result that glucose is partially oxidized to pyruvate.
It is often stated that the phosphate-phosphate bonds in ATP are "high energy," but in fact, they are
not notably high in energy. Rather, they are easy to break, and the ΔG of hydrolysis is a "useful"
quantity of energy. What makes the phosphate bonds easy to break?
negative charges on phosphate groups repel each other.
The breakdown of one glucose molecule during glycolysis results in two molecules of pyruvate, each
of which is then oxidized to molecule of acetyl-CoA, and these, in turn, are substrates for the citric
acid cycle. all three fatty acids of triacylglycerol molecule (a fat molecule) are palmitic acid (c16,
having 16 carbons), how many acetyl-CoA molecules would result from beta-oxidation of all of these
fatty acids?
, 24
Why do you need to breath in oxygen?
it is. required as the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain
Atractyloside is a poison that inhibits the transport of ADP from the cytosol across the mitochondrial
membranes and into the mitochondrial matrix. The direct effect of this drug is to stop ATP synthesis
because:
ADP is necessary substrate for the reactions catalyzed by ATP synthase
Some diseases, such as Tay-Sachs, are caused by defects in the breakdown of cellular components.
Which organelle could be defective with such a disease?
lysosome
In eukaryotic cells, the oxidation of pyruvate occurs in:
the matrix of the mitochondria
Each round of the citric acid cycle begins when the four-carbon molecule oxaloacetate is converted to
the 6-carbon molecule citrate. As the cycle progresses, two carbons are eliminated to regenerate the
oxaloacetate. The added carbon is supplied by _________ and the two eliminated carbons are
released as________.
acetyl-CoA; CO2
Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration is generated through:
oxidative phosphorylation
A beaker contains two solutions of salt dissolved in water. The two solutions have different
concentrations of salt (measured by morality, M) and are separated by a membrane that is permeable
to both salt and water. The salt and water will move through the membrane by diffusion.
Which statement is true about the diffusion of these solutions?
before being used to generate ATP
a proton gradient
In intestinal epithelial cells, a transport protein moves the bulky, polar glucose molecules through the
membrane into the cytoplasm, while at the same time it transports Na+ through the membrane into
the cell down its electrochemical gradient. Which example correctly describes the cotransport of
glucose and sodium?
secondary active transport by symporter
If oxygen is unavailable, predict what happens to the citric acid cycle?
it will stop because the supplies of NAD+ and FAD will become depleted
Glycolysis is a series of chemical reactions (endergonic and exergonic) by which the cell can obtain
ATP?
NAD+ plays a crucial role in the reactions of glycolysis by:accepting electrons during glycolysis, with
the overall result that glucose is partially oxidized to pyruvate.
It is often stated that the phosphate-phosphate bonds in ATP are "high energy," but in fact, they are
not notably high in energy. Rather, they are easy to break, and the ΔG of hydrolysis is a "useful"
quantity of energy. What makes the phosphate bonds easy to break?
negative charges on phosphate groups repel each other.
The breakdown of one glucose molecule during glycolysis results in two molecules of pyruvate, each
of which is then oxidized to molecule of acetyl-CoA, and these, in turn, are substrates for the citric
acid cycle. all three fatty acids of triacylglycerol molecule (a fat molecule) are palmitic acid (c16,
having 16 carbons), how many acetyl-CoA molecules would result from beta-oxidation of all of these
fatty acids?
, 24
Why do you need to breath in oxygen?
it is. required as the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain
Atractyloside is a poison that inhibits the transport of ADP from the cytosol across the mitochondrial
membranes and into the mitochondrial matrix. The direct effect of this drug is to stop ATP synthesis
because:
ADP is necessary substrate for the reactions catalyzed by ATP synthase
Some diseases, such as Tay-Sachs, are caused by defects in the breakdown of cellular components.
Which organelle could be defective with such a disease?
lysosome
In eukaryotic cells, the oxidation of pyruvate occurs in:
the matrix of the mitochondria
Each round of the citric acid cycle begins when the four-carbon molecule oxaloacetate is converted to
the 6-carbon molecule citrate. As the cycle progresses, two carbons are eliminated to regenerate the
oxaloacetate. The added carbon is supplied by _________ and the two eliminated carbons are
released as________.
acetyl-CoA; CO2
Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration is generated through:
oxidative phosphorylation
A beaker contains two solutions of salt dissolved in water. The two solutions have different
concentrations of salt (measured by morality, M) and are separated by a membrane that is permeable
to both salt and water. The salt and water will move through the membrane by diffusion.
Which statement is true about the diffusion of these solutions?
