KINE 3P94 Final Exam|Questions With Correct
Answers|Verified
What performs feedback, planning, and execution of the cerebral cortex? - ✔️Spinal
cord
How does sensory information arrive to the brain (what pathway)? - ✔️Dorsal column
medial lemniscal pathway
What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1)? - ✔️discriminates
among different intensities and qualities of sensory information
Where is the S1 located? - ✔️Near the midline
What does the S1 tell you? - ✔️- 1st stage of sensory information
- basic characteristics of what you are doing
What is the DCML? - ✔️Dorsal column medial lemniscal
Where is the DCML? - ✔️- Base of the brain
- to the left or right side depending on where the information from the body comes from
What does the sensory association cortex do? - ✔️- 2nd stage of sensory information
- more complex information, putting things together to have meaning
What is the somatotopic organization? - ✔️Specific location on the cerebral cortex
respond to specific regions of the body
- for sensory (received) and motor (send out) information
What is the homunculus man? - ✔️- greater size of representation on the brain
corresponds to greater information/sensitivity to information
- body parts that are not sensitive to sensation are represented less
How does the organization in the homunculus work? - ✔️adaptable and plastic
- recognizes and adapts to experience/training/injury
How does the homunculus relate to impairment? - ✔️Able to identify where on the
cerebral cortex the damage has occurred if looking at the deficits (and vice versa if you
know where the damage is you can predict the deficits)
what are the 4 studies that support variability? - ✔️- monkey fingers sewn together
- amputations and transplants in humans
- musicians
- blind and braille readers
, What is the flow of information? - ✔️S1 - sensory association cortex (SAC) - premotor
areas - primary motor areas (M1)
What is the primary motor cortex (M1)? - ✔️involved in the executive control of
movement
What does the M1 determine/command for? - ✔️- force
- direction
- muscles
- how it is split (homunculus)
- FMS (fine motor skills)
- GMS (gross motor skills)
M1 vs S1 - ✔️M1
- division of GMS and FMS
- control of movement
S1
- division of body parts
- receives sensory information
Both
- can recognize and adapt based on activity, injury, training ect.
- needed for movement control and voluntary control
Where do M1 neutrons project? - ✔️directly and indirectly on motor neurons into the
spinal cord
What does the M1 control? - ✔️motor movement
How are monkeys trained to reorganize M1?
What did they find? - ✔️- trained to reach for food in different sized wells
- Large well used GMS and small well used FMS
- Gradually decreasing well size as training went on
- Baseline = small M1
- 2nd training = increased challenge and increased FMS (increased motor cortex
representation and activation)
What occurs in extinction of training and retraining in monkeys? - ✔️extinction = return
to baseline
retraining = increased FMS again, but to maintain you must have continuous training
Why is constraint induced therapy used in stroke patients? - ✔️- from the stroke a
person experiences limited strength/movement in affected side so the patient will
heavily.only rely on unaffected arm
- this will alter the representation at brain level (M1/S1) to favour affected side
Answers|Verified
What performs feedback, planning, and execution of the cerebral cortex? - ✔️Spinal
cord
How does sensory information arrive to the brain (what pathway)? - ✔️Dorsal column
medial lemniscal pathway
What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1)? - ✔️discriminates
among different intensities and qualities of sensory information
Where is the S1 located? - ✔️Near the midline
What does the S1 tell you? - ✔️- 1st stage of sensory information
- basic characteristics of what you are doing
What is the DCML? - ✔️Dorsal column medial lemniscal
Where is the DCML? - ✔️- Base of the brain
- to the left or right side depending on where the information from the body comes from
What does the sensory association cortex do? - ✔️- 2nd stage of sensory information
- more complex information, putting things together to have meaning
What is the somatotopic organization? - ✔️Specific location on the cerebral cortex
respond to specific regions of the body
- for sensory (received) and motor (send out) information
What is the homunculus man? - ✔️- greater size of representation on the brain
corresponds to greater information/sensitivity to information
- body parts that are not sensitive to sensation are represented less
How does the organization in the homunculus work? - ✔️adaptable and plastic
- recognizes and adapts to experience/training/injury
How does the homunculus relate to impairment? - ✔️Able to identify where on the
cerebral cortex the damage has occurred if looking at the deficits (and vice versa if you
know where the damage is you can predict the deficits)
what are the 4 studies that support variability? - ✔️- monkey fingers sewn together
- amputations and transplants in humans
- musicians
- blind and braille readers
, What is the flow of information? - ✔️S1 - sensory association cortex (SAC) - premotor
areas - primary motor areas (M1)
What is the primary motor cortex (M1)? - ✔️involved in the executive control of
movement
What does the M1 determine/command for? - ✔️- force
- direction
- muscles
- how it is split (homunculus)
- FMS (fine motor skills)
- GMS (gross motor skills)
M1 vs S1 - ✔️M1
- division of GMS and FMS
- control of movement
S1
- division of body parts
- receives sensory information
Both
- can recognize and adapt based on activity, injury, training ect.
- needed for movement control and voluntary control
Where do M1 neutrons project? - ✔️directly and indirectly on motor neurons into the
spinal cord
What does the M1 control? - ✔️motor movement
How are monkeys trained to reorganize M1?
What did they find? - ✔️- trained to reach for food in different sized wells
- Large well used GMS and small well used FMS
- Gradually decreasing well size as training went on
- Baseline = small M1
- 2nd training = increased challenge and increased FMS (increased motor cortex
representation and activation)
What occurs in extinction of training and retraining in monkeys? - ✔️extinction = return
to baseline
retraining = increased FMS again, but to maintain you must have continuous training
Why is constraint induced therapy used in stroke patients? - ✔️- from the stroke a
person experiences limited strength/movement in affected side so the patient will
heavily.only rely on unaffected arm
- this will alter the representation at brain level (M1/S1) to favour affected side
