1
Part II NYSTCE CST 245 Arts and
Science| 2025/2026 Exam| Questions
and Answers| 100%
A patient presents symptoms of scurvy after months on a restricted diet. Which vitamin
deficiency is most likely?
Vitamin C. Scurvy happens when someone doesn’t get enough vitamin C for a long time —
think sailors before citrus was a ship thing.
During a science lesson, a student says the Sun moves around Earth. What’s the correct scientific
explanation?
It’s the other way around — Earth orbits the Sun. It just looks like the Sun’s moving 'cause
Earth rotates.
A historian uses primary sources to study the Civil War. What makes a source “primary”?
It’s from the actual time of the event — like letters, photos, or newspaper articles from back
then. It’s first-hand.
A student confuses area and perimeter. What’s a simple way to help them understand the
difference?
Area is the space inside a shape (like floor space), and perimeter is the distance around it
(like fencing a yard).
, 2
An English teacher asks students to identify the theme of a novel. What’s being asked here?
They want the big message or idea behind the story — like friendship, power, or freedom —
not just what happened.
A student in a biology class says plants eat soil. What’s a better way to explain how plants get
nutrients?
Plants get nutrients from the soil through their roots, but they actually make food using
sunlight in photosynthesis.
In a math problem, a student calculates 4 + 5 × 2 and gets 18. What mistake did they make?
They didn’t follow order of operations (PEMDAS). They added first instead of multiplying
first. It should be 4 + 10 = 14.
During a geography lesson, a student thinks Africa is a country. What correction helps here?
Africa’s a continent, not a country. It has over 50 countries, like Nigeria, Egypt, and Kenya.
A 4th grader asks why the moon seems to change shape. What’s a simple way to explain it?
The moon doesn’t change shape — we just see different parts lit by the Sun as it orbits Earth.
Those are the phases.
A student writes “Their going to the store.” What kind of error is that?
That’s a homophone mix-up. “Their” is possessive, but they meant “They’re” for “they are.”
, 3
In an experiment, a student uses a ruler to measure plant growth daily. Which part of the
scientific method is this?
That’s collecting data. They’re tracking how the plant changes so they can analyze it later.
A teacher introduces a timeline of American history. Why is this helpful for students?
It shows when stuff happened and how events connect over time — makes it easier to see
cause and effect.
A student asks why we have seasons. What's a simple but correct way to explain it?
Seasons happen 'cause Earth’s tilted and it orbits the Sun. Different parts get more sunlight at
different times of year.
During a lesson on ecosystems, a student says humans aren’t part of food chains. How do you
respond?
We are part of food chains — we eat plants and animals, and other organisms (like bacteria)
break us down when we die.
A 5th grader says all metals are magnetic. What’s a more accurate explanation?
Not all metals are magnetic. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are — but aluminum and copper aren’t,
even though they’re metals.
Part II NYSTCE CST 245 Arts and
Science| 2025/2026 Exam| Questions
and Answers| 100%
A patient presents symptoms of scurvy after months on a restricted diet. Which vitamin
deficiency is most likely?
Vitamin C. Scurvy happens when someone doesn’t get enough vitamin C for a long time —
think sailors before citrus was a ship thing.
During a science lesson, a student says the Sun moves around Earth. What’s the correct scientific
explanation?
It’s the other way around — Earth orbits the Sun. It just looks like the Sun’s moving 'cause
Earth rotates.
A historian uses primary sources to study the Civil War. What makes a source “primary”?
It’s from the actual time of the event — like letters, photos, or newspaper articles from back
then. It’s first-hand.
A student confuses area and perimeter. What’s a simple way to help them understand the
difference?
Area is the space inside a shape (like floor space), and perimeter is the distance around it
(like fencing a yard).
, 2
An English teacher asks students to identify the theme of a novel. What’s being asked here?
They want the big message or idea behind the story — like friendship, power, or freedom —
not just what happened.
A student in a biology class says plants eat soil. What’s a better way to explain how plants get
nutrients?
Plants get nutrients from the soil through their roots, but they actually make food using
sunlight in photosynthesis.
In a math problem, a student calculates 4 + 5 × 2 and gets 18. What mistake did they make?
They didn’t follow order of operations (PEMDAS). They added first instead of multiplying
first. It should be 4 + 10 = 14.
During a geography lesson, a student thinks Africa is a country. What correction helps here?
Africa’s a continent, not a country. It has over 50 countries, like Nigeria, Egypt, and Kenya.
A 4th grader asks why the moon seems to change shape. What’s a simple way to explain it?
The moon doesn’t change shape — we just see different parts lit by the Sun as it orbits Earth.
Those are the phases.
A student writes “Their going to the store.” What kind of error is that?
That’s a homophone mix-up. “Their” is possessive, but they meant “They’re” for “they are.”
, 3
In an experiment, a student uses a ruler to measure plant growth daily. Which part of the
scientific method is this?
That’s collecting data. They’re tracking how the plant changes so they can analyze it later.
A teacher introduces a timeline of American history. Why is this helpful for students?
It shows when stuff happened and how events connect over time — makes it easier to see
cause and effect.
A student asks why we have seasons. What's a simple but correct way to explain it?
Seasons happen 'cause Earth’s tilted and it orbits the Sun. Different parts get more sunlight at
different times of year.
During a lesson on ecosystems, a student says humans aren’t part of food chains. How do you
respond?
We are part of food chains — we eat plants and animals, and other organisms (like bacteria)
break us down when we die.
A 5th grader says all metals are magnetic. What’s a more accurate explanation?
Not all metals are magnetic. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are — but aluminum and copper aren’t,
even though they’re metals.
