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Functional Anatomy Exam| ATAR
Physical Education Studies (PES)|
Latest Question and Answer Revisions|
2025/2026
A soccer midfielder twists suddenly and hears a pop in the knee. Which joint structure is most
likely injured?
Probably the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament). It helps stop the tibia sliding too far forward,
so twisting can tear it.
A basketball player lands awkwardly and dislocates their shoulder. What type of joint was
affected?
It’s the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder. These allow heaps of movement but can pop out
easily if forced.
During a bicep curl, which muscle is the main mover when lifting the weight?
The biceps brachii is doing most of the work during the lifting (flexion) part.
In a push-up, what role do the triceps play during the upward phase?
They’re the agonist – the main muscle causing elbow extension to push you up.
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Why does the hip joint allow more stability than the shoulder joint?
The hip socket is deeper and tighter, so it's more stable but less flexible than the shallow
shoulder socket.
What type of muscle contraction happens in your quads as you lower yourself into a squat?
That’s eccentric – the quads are lengthening while still under tension to control the descent.
Someone with flat feet may struggle with running efficiency. What structure in the foot helps
absorb shock?
The arches of the foot, supported by ligaments and tendons, help with shock absorption and
springiness.
During a sprint, which type of muscle fibre is mainly used?
Fast-twitch fibres – they contract quick and hard but fatigue fast, perfect for explosive
movement.
Which movement happens at the ankle when jumping off your toes?
That’s plantar flexion – when the toes point down, pushing off the ground.
In a volleyball spike, what action occurs at the shoulder when hitting the ball?
Shoulder flexion and internal rotation – your arm swings forward and rotates inward.
Functional Anatomy Exam| ATAR
Physical Education Studies (PES)|
Latest Question and Answer Revisions|
2025/2026
A soccer midfielder twists suddenly and hears a pop in the knee. Which joint structure is most
likely injured?
Probably the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament). It helps stop the tibia sliding too far forward,
so twisting can tear it.
A basketball player lands awkwardly and dislocates their shoulder. What type of joint was
affected?
It’s the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder. These allow heaps of movement but can pop out
easily if forced.
During a bicep curl, which muscle is the main mover when lifting the weight?
The biceps brachii is doing most of the work during the lifting (flexion) part.
In a push-up, what role do the triceps play during the upward phase?
They’re the agonist – the main muscle causing elbow extension to push you up.
, 2
Why does the hip joint allow more stability than the shoulder joint?
The hip socket is deeper and tighter, so it's more stable but less flexible than the shallow
shoulder socket.
What type of muscle contraction happens in your quads as you lower yourself into a squat?
That’s eccentric – the quads are lengthening while still under tension to control the descent.
Someone with flat feet may struggle with running efficiency. What structure in the foot helps
absorb shock?
The arches of the foot, supported by ligaments and tendons, help with shock absorption and
springiness.
During a sprint, which type of muscle fibre is mainly used?
Fast-twitch fibres – they contract quick and hard but fatigue fast, perfect for explosive
movement.
Which movement happens at the ankle when jumping off your toes?
That’s plantar flexion – when the toes point down, pushing off the ground.
In a volleyball spike, what action occurs at the shoulder when hitting the ball?
Shoulder flexion and internal rotation – your arm swings forward and rotates inward.
