Principles of Economics by N. Gregory Mankiw.
(8th edition)
Chapter 1: Ten Principles of
Economics
This chapter introduces the foundational principles of economics. These principles are divided into
three categories: how people make decisions, how people interact, and how the economy works as a
whole.
I. How People Make Decisions
1. People Face Trade-offs
Choices involve trade-offs because resources are scarce. For example, allocating time for work
means sacrificing leisure.
Example: Choosing to buy a new phone might mean giving up a weekend trip.
2. The Cost of Something Is What You Give Up to Get It
The concept of opportunity cost is crucial. It represents the next best alternative forgone.
Example: The cost of attending college is not just tuition but also the income you could have earned
by working instead.
3. Rational People Think at the Margin
Rational individuals make decisions by comparing marginal benefits to marginal costs.
Example: An airline selling a last-minute ticket at a discount to fill a vacant seat.
4. People Respond to Incentives
(8th edition)
Chapter 1: Ten Principles of
Economics
This chapter introduces the foundational principles of economics. These principles are divided into
three categories: how people make decisions, how people interact, and how the economy works as a
whole.
I. How People Make Decisions
1. People Face Trade-offs
Choices involve trade-offs because resources are scarce. For example, allocating time for work
means sacrificing leisure.
Example: Choosing to buy a new phone might mean giving up a weekend trip.
2. The Cost of Something Is What You Give Up to Get It
The concept of opportunity cost is crucial. It represents the next best alternative forgone.
Example: The cost of attending college is not just tuition but also the income you could have earned
by working instead.
3. Rational People Think at the Margin
Rational individuals make decisions by comparing marginal benefits to marginal costs.
Example: An airline selling a last-minute ticket at a discount to fill a vacant seat.
4. People Respond to Incentives
