Cardiovascular system & Blood
Cardiovascular system
Why should we care about it
- it plays a central role in maintaining overall health
- To understand cardiac anatomy and physiology is crucial for assessing, managing and
responding to cardiac issues
- It is a complex network of organs and vessels, functioning together to circulate blood
throughout the body
- The heart is at the core
- Vital for maintenance of homeostasis
- Supports the overall functioning of the body
- Delivers Oxygen to the tissues
- Supports the immune system
- Helps regulate physiological processes
- Disorders can lead to serious health issues
Gives emphasis on the importance of learning its anatomy and physiology
Heart: a muscular organ that pumps blood through blood vessels (arteries, capillaries and
veins) throughout the body
Primary function:
- Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones and essential substances to cells and tissues
- Removal of waste products and CO2
The heart
Apex – organ tip/summit
Located within the thoracic artery
Posterior – back / behind
Posterior to the sternum Media – middle
Medial to the lungs Anterior – front
Anterior to the vertebral column
Apex at the 5th intercostal space
Lies upon the diaphragm
Circulation process: involves the heart contracting and relaxing to pump blood through a
network of blood vessels
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to supply nutrients and oxygen to
various tissues
,- Only veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart for oxygen replenishment
- Capillaries facilitate nutrient, oxygen and waste product exchange between the blood
and surrounding tissues
There are 4 chambers to the heart
- 2 ventricles
- 2 atria
Names of the chambers
- Left and right ventricles
- Left and right atria
How many valves of the heart
- four valves that control blood flow
names of the 4 valves
- Tricuspid (between r atrium and r ventricle)
- Bicuspid/mitral (between L atrium and ventricle)
- Pulmonary (within pulmonary Artery and RV)
- Aortic (between LV and aorta)
2 pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium (pumps through the
mital valve to left Vent.
, Name Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle
Function Receives Pumps Receives Main pumping
deoxygenated deoxygenated oxygenated blood chamber for
blood from the blood to lungs – from the lungs systematic
body (returning) oxygenation circulation. Sends
oxygenated blood
to the whole body
Process Deoxy. Blood Contracts during Oxy. Blood flows On systole, LV
enters RA systole and sends from pulm. Veins contracts and
through superior deoxygenated into LA during forces blood
and inferior vena blood through the diastole through the aortic
cava during pulmonary valve valve to the aorta
diastole into the
pulmonary artery
Next step When it contracts Pulmonary artery On contraction, Aorta carries
(systole) it pushes carried oxygenated blood oxygenated blood
the blood deoxygenated is pushed to systematic
through the blood into the through the circulation,
tricuspid into lungs where bicuspid into the delivers oxygen
right ventricle oxygen is picked LV and nutrients to
up and CO2 is tissues and organs
released
Coronary arteries
- Two that branch from the aorta (left and right)
- Left divides into anterior descending (LAD) and
circumflex branches
- LAD supplies ventricles and septum
- Circumflex supplies left ventricle and atrium
- Right supplies right ventricle and atrium
What do they do?
- Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
Cardiovascular system
Why should we care about it
- it plays a central role in maintaining overall health
- To understand cardiac anatomy and physiology is crucial for assessing, managing and
responding to cardiac issues
- It is a complex network of organs and vessels, functioning together to circulate blood
throughout the body
- The heart is at the core
- Vital for maintenance of homeostasis
- Supports the overall functioning of the body
- Delivers Oxygen to the tissues
- Supports the immune system
- Helps regulate physiological processes
- Disorders can lead to serious health issues
Gives emphasis on the importance of learning its anatomy and physiology
Heart: a muscular organ that pumps blood through blood vessels (arteries, capillaries and
veins) throughout the body
Primary function:
- Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones and essential substances to cells and tissues
- Removal of waste products and CO2
The heart
Apex – organ tip/summit
Located within the thoracic artery
Posterior – back / behind
Posterior to the sternum Media – middle
Medial to the lungs Anterior – front
Anterior to the vertebral column
Apex at the 5th intercostal space
Lies upon the diaphragm
Circulation process: involves the heart contracting and relaxing to pump blood through a
network of blood vessels
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to supply nutrients and oxygen to
various tissues
,- Only veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart for oxygen replenishment
- Capillaries facilitate nutrient, oxygen and waste product exchange between the blood
and surrounding tissues
There are 4 chambers to the heart
- 2 ventricles
- 2 atria
Names of the chambers
- Left and right ventricles
- Left and right atria
How many valves of the heart
- four valves that control blood flow
names of the 4 valves
- Tricuspid (between r atrium and r ventricle)
- Bicuspid/mitral (between L atrium and ventricle)
- Pulmonary (within pulmonary Artery and RV)
- Aortic (between LV and aorta)
2 pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium (pumps through the
mital valve to left Vent.
, Name Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle
Function Receives Pumps Receives Main pumping
deoxygenated deoxygenated oxygenated blood chamber for
blood from the blood to lungs – from the lungs systematic
body (returning) oxygenation circulation. Sends
oxygenated blood
to the whole body
Process Deoxy. Blood Contracts during Oxy. Blood flows On systole, LV
enters RA systole and sends from pulm. Veins contracts and
through superior deoxygenated into LA during forces blood
and inferior vena blood through the diastole through the aortic
cava during pulmonary valve valve to the aorta
diastole into the
pulmonary artery
Next step When it contracts Pulmonary artery On contraction, Aorta carries
(systole) it pushes carried oxygenated blood oxygenated blood
the blood deoxygenated is pushed to systematic
through the blood into the through the circulation,
tricuspid into lungs where bicuspid into the delivers oxygen
right ventricle oxygen is picked LV and nutrients to
up and CO2 is tissues and organs
released
Coronary arteries
- Two that branch from the aorta (left and right)
- Left divides into anterior descending (LAD) and
circumflex branches
- LAD supplies ventricles and septum
- Circumflex supplies left ventricle and atrium
- Right supplies right ventricle and atrium
What do they do?
- Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
