GUIDE
FOR THE CARE AND USE OF
LABORATORY
ANIMALS
Eighth Edition
A
CommitteeAforAtheAUpdateAofAtheAGuideAforAtheACareAan
dAUseAofALaboratoryAAnimals
InstituteAforALaboratoryAAnimalAResearchADivisio
nAonAEarthAandALifeAStudies
,THEANATIONALAACADEMIESAPRESSA A 500AFifthAStreet,ANWA A Washington,ADCA20001
NOTICE:ATheAprojectAthatAisAtheAsubjectAofAthisAreportAwasAapprovedAbyAtheAGovern
-
AingABoardAofAtheANationalAResearchACouncil,AwhoseAmembersAareAdrawnAfromAth
eAcouncilsAofAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciences,AtheANationalAAcademyAofAEngine
er-
Aing,AandAtheAInstituteAofAMedicine.ATheAmembersAofAtheACommitteeAresponsibleAfo
rAtheAreportAwereAchosenAforAtheirAspecialAcompetencesAandAwithAregardAforAappropria
teAbalance.
ThisAstudyAwasAsupportedAbyAtheAOfficeAofAExtramuralAResearch,AOfficeAofAtheADirec
-
Ator,ANationalAInstitutesAofAHealth/DepartmentAofAHealthAandAHumanAServicesAunde
rAContractANumberAN01-OD-4-
2139ATaskAOrderA#188;AtheAOfficeAofAResearchAIntegrity,ADepartmentAofAHealthAandA
HumanAServices;AtheAAnimalAandAPlantAHealthAInspectionAService,AU.S.ADepartmentA
ofAAgriculture;AAssociationAforAAssessmentAandAAccreditationAofALaboratoryAAnimalACar
eAInternational;AAmericanAAssociationAforALaboratoryAAnimalAScience;AAbbottAFund;APfi
zer;AAmericanACollegeAofALaboratoryAAnimalAMedicine;AAmeri-
AcanASocietyAofALaboratoryAAnimalAPractitioners;AAssociationAofAPrimateAVeternarians
.
AnyAopinions,Afindings,Aconclusions,AorArecommendationsAexpressedAinAthisApub-
AlicationAareAthoseAofAtheAauthorsAandAdoAnotAnecessarilyAreflectAtheAviewsAofAth
eAorganizationsAorAagenciesAthatAprovidedAsupportAforAtheAproject.ATheAcontentA
ofAthisApublicationAdoesAnotAnecessarilyAreflectAtheAviewsAorApoliciesAofAtheANatio
nalAInstitutesAofAHealth,AnorAdoesAmentionAofAtradeAnames,AcommercialAproduct
s,AorAorganizationsAimplyAendorsementAbyAtheAUSAgovernment.
InternationalAStandardABookANumber-13:A 978-0-309-15400-
0A(Book)AInternationalAStandardABookANumber-10:A 0-309-15400-
6A(Book)AInternationalAStandardABookANumber-13:A 978-0-309-
15401-7A(PDF)AInternationalAStandardABookANumber-10:A 0-309-
15401-4A(PDF)ALibraryAofACongressAControlANumber:A 2010940400
AdditionalAcopiesAofAthisAreportAareAavailableAfromAtheANationalAAcademiesAPress
,A500A FifthA Street,A NW,A LockboxA 285,A Washington,A DCA 20055;A (800)A 624-
6242A or
(202)A334-3313A(inAtheAWashingtonAmetropolitanAarea);Ahttp://www.nap.edu.
CopyrightA2011AbyAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciences.AAllArightsAreserved
.APrintedAinAtheAUnitedAStatesAofAAmerica.
,TheANationalAAcademyAofASciencesAisAaAprivate,Anonprofit,Aself-
perpetuatingAsocietyAofAdistinguishedAscholarsAengagedAinAscientificAandAengineerin
gAresearch,AdedicatedAtoAtheAfurtheranceAofAscienceAandAtechnologyAandAtoAtheirAuseA
forAtheAgeneralAwelfare.AUponAtheAauthorityAofAtheAcharterAgrantedAtoAitAbyAtheACon
gressAinA1863,AtheAAcad-
AemyAhasAaAmandateAthatArequiresAitAtoAadviseAtheAfederalAgovernmentAonAscientif
icAandAtechnicalAmatters.ADr.ARalphAJ.ACiceroneAisApresidentAofAtheANationalAAcade
myAofASciences.
TheANationalAAcademyAofAEngineeringAwasAestablishedAinA1964,AunderAtheAcharte
rAofAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciences,AasAaAparallelAorganizationAofAoutstandin
gAengineers.AItAisAautonomousAinAitsAadministrationAandAinAtheAselectionAofAitsAmembe
rs,AsharingAwithAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciencesAtheAresponsibilityAforAadvisingA
theAfederalAgovernment.ATheANationalAAcademyAofAEngineeringAalsoAsponsorsAengi
neer-
AingAprogramsAaimedAatAmeetingAnationalAneeds,AencouragesAeducationAandAresearch
,AandArecognizesAtheAsuperiorAachievementsAofAengineers.ADr.ACharlesAVestAisApreside
ntAofAtheANationalAAcademyAofAEngineering.
TheAInstituteAofAMedicineAwasAestablishedAinA1970AbyAtheANationalAAcademyAofA
SciencesAtoAsecureAtheAservicesAofAeminentAmembersAofAappropriateAprofessionsAi
nAtheAexaminationAofApolicyAmattersApertainingAtoAtheAhealthAofAtheApublic.ATheAIns
ti-
AtuteAactsAunderAtheAresponsibilityAgivenAtoAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciencesAbyAi
tsAcongressionalAcharterAtoAbeAanAadviserAtoAtheAfederalAgovernmentAand,AuponAitsAo
wnAinitiative,AtoAidentifyAissuesAofAmedicalAcare,Aresearch,AandAeducation.ADr.AHarve
yAV.AFinebergAisApresidentAofAtheAInstituteAofAMedicine.
TheANationalAResearchACouncilAwasAorganizedAbyAtheANationalAAcademyAofASci-
AencesAinA1916AtoAassociateAtheAbroadAcommunityAofAscienceAandAtechnologyAwithAth
eAAcademy’sApurposesAofAfurtheringAknowledgeAandAadvisingAtheAfederalAgovernme
nt.AFunctioningAinAaccordanceAwithAgeneralApoliciesAdeterminedAbyAtheAAcademy,
AtheACouncilAhasAbecomeAtheAprincipalAoperatingAagencyAofAbothAtheANationalAAca
demyAofASciencesAandAtheANationalAAcademyAofAEngineeringAinAprovidingAservice
sAtoAtheAgovernment,AtheApublic,AandAtheAscientificAandAengineeringAcommunities
.ATheACouncilAisAadministeredAjointlyAbyAbothAAcademiesAandAtheAInstituteAofAMe
dicine.ADr.ARalphAJ.ACiceroneAandADr.ACharlesAM.AVestAareAchairAandAviceAchair,Aresp
ectively,AofAtheANationalAResearchACouncil.
www.national-academies.org
,
FOR THE CARE AND USE OF
LABORATORY
ANIMALS
Eighth Edition
A
CommitteeAforAtheAUpdateAofAtheAGuideAforAtheACareAan
dAUseAofALaboratoryAAnimals
InstituteAforALaboratoryAAnimalAResearchADivisio
nAonAEarthAandALifeAStudies
,THEANATIONALAACADEMIESAPRESSA A 500AFifthAStreet,ANWA A Washington,ADCA20001
NOTICE:ATheAprojectAthatAisAtheAsubjectAofAthisAreportAwasAapprovedAbyAtheAGovern
-
AingABoardAofAtheANationalAResearchACouncil,AwhoseAmembersAareAdrawnAfromAth
eAcouncilsAofAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciences,AtheANationalAAcademyAofAEngine
er-
Aing,AandAtheAInstituteAofAMedicine.ATheAmembersAofAtheACommitteeAresponsibleAfo
rAtheAreportAwereAchosenAforAtheirAspecialAcompetencesAandAwithAregardAforAappropria
teAbalance.
ThisAstudyAwasAsupportedAbyAtheAOfficeAofAExtramuralAResearch,AOfficeAofAtheADirec
-
Ator,ANationalAInstitutesAofAHealth/DepartmentAofAHealthAandAHumanAServicesAunde
rAContractANumberAN01-OD-4-
2139ATaskAOrderA#188;AtheAOfficeAofAResearchAIntegrity,ADepartmentAofAHealthAandA
HumanAServices;AtheAAnimalAandAPlantAHealthAInspectionAService,AU.S.ADepartmentA
ofAAgriculture;AAssociationAforAAssessmentAandAAccreditationAofALaboratoryAAnimalACar
eAInternational;AAmericanAAssociationAforALaboratoryAAnimalAScience;AAbbottAFund;APfi
zer;AAmericanACollegeAofALaboratoryAAnimalAMedicine;AAmeri-
AcanASocietyAofALaboratoryAAnimalAPractitioners;AAssociationAofAPrimateAVeternarians
.
AnyAopinions,Afindings,Aconclusions,AorArecommendationsAexpressedAinAthisApub-
AlicationAareAthoseAofAtheAauthorsAandAdoAnotAnecessarilyAreflectAtheAviewsAofAth
eAorganizationsAorAagenciesAthatAprovidedAsupportAforAtheAproject.ATheAcontentA
ofAthisApublicationAdoesAnotAnecessarilyAreflectAtheAviewsAorApoliciesAofAtheANatio
nalAInstitutesAofAHealth,AnorAdoesAmentionAofAtradeAnames,AcommercialAproduct
s,AorAorganizationsAimplyAendorsementAbyAtheAUSAgovernment.
InternationalAStandardABookANumber-13:A 978-0-309-15400-
0A(Book)AInternationalAStandardABookANumber-10:A 0-309-15400-
6A(Book)AInternationalAStandardABookANumber-13:A 978-0-309-
15401-7A(PDF)AInternationalAStandardABookANumber-10:A 0-309-
15401-4A(PDF)ALibraryAofACongressAControlANumber:A 2010940400
AdditionalAcopiesAofAthisAreportAareAavailableAfromAtheANationalAAcademiesAPress
,A500A FifthA Street,A NW,A LockboxA 285,A Washington,A DCA 20055;A (800)A 624-
6242A or
(202)A334-3313A(inAtheAWashingtonAmetropolitanAarea);Ahttp://www.nap.edu.
CopyrightA2011AbyAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciences.AAllArightsAreserved
.APrintedAinAtheAUnitedAStatesAofAAmerica.
,TheANationalAAcademyAofASciencesAisAaAprivate,Anonprofit,Aself-
perpetuatingAsocietyAofAdistinguishedAscholarsAengagedAinAscientificAandAengineerin
gAresearch,AdedicatedAtoAtheAfurtheranceAofAscienceAandAtechnologyAandAtoAtheirAuseA
forAtheAgeneralAwelfare.AUponAtheAauthorityAofAtheAcharterAgrantedAtoAitAbyAtheACon
gressAinA1863,AtheAAcad-
AemyAhasAaAmandateAthatArequiresAitAtoAadviseAtheAfederalAgovernmentAonAscientif
icAandAtechnicalAmatters.ADr.ARalphAJ.ACiceroneAisApresidentAofAtheANationalAAcade
myAofASciences.
TheANationalAAcademyAofAEngineeringAwasAestablishedAinA1964,AunderAtheAcharte
rAofAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciences,AasAaAparallelAorganizationAofAoutstandin
gAengineers.AItAisAautonomousAinAitsAadministrationAandAinAtheAselectionAofAitsAmembe
rs,AsharingAwithAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciencesAtheAresponsibilityAforAadvisingA
theAfederalAgovernment.ATheANationalAAcademyAofAEngineeringAalsoAsponsorsAengi
neer-
AingAprogramsAaimedAatAmeetingAnationalAneeds,AencouragesAeducationAandAresearch
,AandArecognizesAtheAsuperiorAachievementsAofAengineers.ADr.ACharlesAVestAisApreside
ntAofAtheANationalAAcademyAofAEngineering.
TheAInstituteAofAMedicineAwasAestablishedAinA1970AbyAtheANationalAAcademyAofA
SciencesAtoAsecureAtheAservicesAofAeminentAmembersAofAappropriateAprofessionsAi
nAtheAexaminationAofApolicyAmattersApertainingAtoAtheAhealthAofAtheApublic.ATheAIns
ti-
AtuteAactsAunderAtheAresponsibilityAgivenAtoAtheANationalAAcademyAofASciencesAbyAi
tsAcongressionalAcharterAtoAbeAanAadviserAtoAtheAfederalAgovernmentAand,AuponAitsAo
wnAinitiative,AtoAidentifyAissuesAofAmedicalAcare,Aresearch,AandAeducation.ADr.AHarve
yAV.AFinebergAisApresidentAofAtheAInstituteAofAMedicine.
TheANationalAResearchACouncilAwasAorganizedAbyAtheANationalAAcademyAofASci-
AencesAinA1916AtoAassociateAtheAbroadAcommunityAofAscienceAandAtechnologyAwithAth
eAAcademy’sApurposesAofAfurtheringAknowledgeAandAadvisingAtheAfederalAgovernme
nt.AFunctioningAinAaccordanceAwithAgeneralApoliciesAdeterminedAbyAtheAAcademy,
AtheACouncilAhasAbecomeAtheAprincipalAoperatingAagencyAofAbothAtheANationalAAca
demyAofASciencesAandAtheANationalAAcademyAofAEngineeringAinAprovidingAservice
sAtoAtheAgovernment,AtheApublic,AandAtheAscientificAandAengineeringAcommunities
.ATheACouncilAisAadministeredAjointlyAbyAbothAAcademiesAandAtheAInstituteAofAMe
dicine.ADr.ARalphAJ.ACiceroneAandADr.ACharlesAM.AVestAareAchairAandAviceAchair,Aresp
ectively,AofAtheANationalAResearchACouncil.
www.national-academies.org
,