FUNDAMENTALS NR 226 PATIENT CARE: CHAPTER 47,50 AND 37
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What factors can affect bowel elimination? ati
Surgery, immobility, age, medications, and therapeutic diets
Describe infant poop. ATI
infants have watery and yellow pop if breast feeding. With formula they have pasty
brown colored poop
At what age do we typical learn bowel control? ati
ages 2-3 years old
What happens to our GI tract and bowels as we get older? ati
our peristalsis decrease and sphincters relax.
What is the fiber requirement per day? ati
25-30 g/day
What is the recommended fluid intake? ati
2000 to 3000 ml/day from fluid and food sources
how does emotional distress affect bowel elimination? ati
increase peristalsis and exacerbate chronic conditions ( crohns, ulcer, irritable bowel
syndrome)
how does depression affect bowel elimination? ati
decreaese peristalsis and can lead to constipation
What environmental/social factors affect bowel elimination? ati
- willingness to use public toilets
- false perception of need "1-per-day-dump"
-lack of privacy when hospitalized
- constipation due to immobility
- experience pain may suppress urges
- opioid use
how does pregnancy affect bowel elimination? ati
- growing fetus compromises intestinal space
- slower peristalsis
-straining increasing the risk of hemorrhoids
What 2 types are medications used for bowel control? ati
laxatives : soften stools
cathartics : promotes peristalsis
What occurs with laxative over use? ati
chronic use of laxatives cause a weakening of bowel's expected response to distension
from feces resulting in the development of chronic constipation
what can you do to prevent stool contact with skin in an incontinent patient? ati
The provider can prescribe an anal bag or other bowel management system to collect
stool and prevent it from coming into contact with the skin.
what therapeutic measures can you take for patients with hemorrhoids? ati
use a moist wipe for cleansing the perianal area, and apply ointments or creams as
presribed. use a sitz bath or ice pack to promote relief from hemorrhoid discomfort.
, What are end stomas? ati
are results of colorectal cancer or some types of bowel deasease. It is a a diversion of
the colon into the anterior aspect of abdomen.
Describe loop colostomies, ati
they help resolve medical emergency and are temporary. In a loop colonostomy, a loop
of bowel is supported on the abdomen with a proximal stoma draining stool and a distal
stoma draining mucus.
Usually done in transverse colon.
Describe double-barrel colostomies. ati
consist of 2 abdominal stomas: once proximal and one distal. the proximal stoma drains
stool and the distal stoma leads to inactive intestine. after the injured area of the
intestine heals, the colostomy is often reversed by reattaching the 2 ends.
describe paralytic ileus. ati
is an intestinal obstruction caused by reduced motility following bowel manipulation
during surgery, electrolyte imbalance, wound infection, or by the effects of medication.
What are the causes of constipation? ati
- frequent laxative use
- advance age
- inadequate fluid intake
- inadequate fiber intake
- immobilization
-sedentary lifestyle
- pregnancy
- medication effects
what are some cause of diarrhea?
- viral gastroenteritis
- bacterial gastroenteritis
- antibiotic therapy
- inflammatory bowel disease
-irritable bowel syndrome
what should you do to assess bowel elimination? ati
- perform routine physical examination
-check for fluids
- inspect skin integrity
- history of diet, exercise, and bowel habits
- perform specimen collection
- digital rectal examination for ipaction
Fecal occult blood test procedure : ati
obtain a fecal sample using medical asepsis while wearing gloves.
collect stool specimens for serial guaiac testing 3 times from 3 different defecation.
what can cause false positive for fecal occult tests?
some foods like red meat, citrus, and raw vegetable and medication can cause false
positives.
When loosening an impacted stool in a patient with fecal impaction when should
you stop the procedure? ati
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What factors can affect bowel elimination? ati
Surgery, immobility, age, medications, and therapeutic diets
Describe infant poop. ATI
infants have watery and yellow pop if breast feeding. With formula they have pasty
brown colored poop
At what age do we typical learn bowel control? ati
ages 2-3 years old
What happens to our GI tract and bowels as we get older? ati
our peristalsis decrease and sphincters relax.
What is the fiber requirement per day? ati
25-30 g/day
What is the recommended fluid intake? ati
2000 to 3000 ml/day from fluid and food sources
how does emotional distress affect bowel elimination? ati
increase peristalsis and exacerbate chronic conditions ( crohns, ulcer, irritable bowel
syndrome)
how does depression affect bowel elimination? ati
decreaese peristalsis and can lead to constipation
What environmental/social factors affect bowel elimination? ati
- willingness to use public toilets
- false perception of need "1-per-day-dump"
-lack of privacy when hospitalized
- constipation due to immobility
- experience pain may suppress urges
- opioid use
how does pregnancy affect bowel elimination? ati
- growing fetus compromises intestinal space
- slower peristalsis
-straining increasing the risk of hemorrhoids
What 2 types are medications used for bowel control? ati
laxatives : soften stools
cathartics : promotes peristalsis
What occurs with laxative over use? ati
chronic use of laxatives cause a weakening of bowel's expected response to distension
from feces resulting in the development of chronic constipation
what can you do to prevent stool contact with skin in an incontinent patient? ati
The provider can prescribe an anal bag or other bowel management system to collect
stool and prevent it from coming into contact with the skin.
what therapeutic measures can you take for patients with hemorrhoids? ati
use a moist wipe for cleansing the perianal area, and apply ointments or creams as
presribed. use a sitz bath or ice pack to promote relief from hemorrhoid discomfort.
, What are end stomas? ati
are results of colorectal cancer or some types of bowel deasease. It is a a diversion of
the colon into the anterior aspect of abdomen.
Describe loop colostomies, ati
they help resolve medical emergency and are temporary. In a loop colonostomy, a loop
of bowel is supported on the abdomen with a proximal stoma draining stool and a distal
stoma draining mucus.
Usually done in transverse colon.
Describe double-barrel colostomies. ati
consist of 2 abdominal stomas: once proximal and one distal. the proximal stoma drains
stool and the distal stoma leads to inactive intestine. after the injured area of the
intestine heals, the colostomy is often reversed by reattaching the 2 ends.
describe paralytic ileus. ati
is an intestinal obstruction caused by reduced motility following bowel manipulation
during surgery, electrolyte imbalance, wound infection, or by the effects of medication.
What are the causes of constipation? ati
- frequent laxative use
- advance age
- inadequate fluid intake
- inadequate fiber intake
- immobilization
-sedentary lifestyle
- pregnancy
- medication effects
what are some cause of diarrhea?
- viral gastroenteritis
- bacterial gastroenteritis
- antibiotic therapy
- inflammatory bowel disease
-irritable bowel syndrome
what should you do to assess bowel elimination? ati
- perform routine physical examination
-check for fluids
- inspect skin integrity
- history of diet, exercise, and bowel habits
- perform specimen collection
- digital rectal examination for ipaction
Fecal occult blood test procedure : ati
obtain a fecal sample using medical asepsis while wearing gloves.
collect stool specimens for serial guaiac testing 3 times from 3 different defecation.
what can cause false positive for fecal occult tests?
some foods like red meat, citrus, and raw vegetable and medication can cause false
positives.
When loosening an impacted stool in a patient with fecal impaction when should
you stop the procedure? ati
