TEST BANK Massage Therapy 7/E Susan Salvo
| | | | | |
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
| | | |
MULTIPLE |CHOICE
1. Which |method |is |defined |as |manipulation |of |soft |tissue |using |pressure |and |traction |for
clinical, |therapeutic, |and |palliative |purposes?
|
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity |therapy
d. Massage |therapy
ANS: | D
Massage |therapy |the |manipulation |of |soft |tissue |using |compression |and
|decompression/traction |for |clinical, |therapeutic, |and |palliative |purposes |or |for |wellness |and
|self-care |purposes.
2. Which |origin |for |the |word |massage |is |Greek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: | B
The |origin |of |the |word |massage |is |unclear, |but |can |be |traced |to |numerous |sources: |the |Hebrew
|mashesh, |the |Greek |masso |and |massin, |the |Latin |massa, |the |Arabic |mass’h, |the |Sanskrit |makeh,
|and |the |French |masser.
3. When |was |the |earliest |the |term |massage |was |used |by |most |European-based |cultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: | C
By |the |early |1800s, |the |term |massage |was |used |by |most |European-based |cultures.
|Historically, |massage |was |referred |to |by |its |techniques |such |as |friction |or |rubbing.
4. The |first |written |records |of |massage |date |back |to |3000 |BCE |in |which |country?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: | B
Written |records |regarding |the |practice |of |massage |go |back |to |3000 |BCE |in |China.
|Acupuncture |was |not |mentioned |in |Chinese |writings |until |90 |BCE.
5. Which |work |is |commonly |referred |to |as |the |classic |scripture |of |traditional |Chinese |medicine?
, a. Tao |Te |Ching
b. Nei |Ching
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus |Hippocraticum
ANS: | B
At |the |time |of |Hwang |Ti, |various |ideas |and |beliefs |were |compiled |under |the |name |of |the |Yellow
|Emperor |(died |in |2599 |BCE) |which |became |the |classic |scripture |of |traditional |Chinese |medicine
|known |as |the |Nei |Chang. |The |Nei |Chang |was |written |about |2760 |BCE, |and |this |work |contains
|detailed |descriptions |of |massage |procedures |as |well |as |herbal |medicines.
6. What |is |the |original |massage |technique |in |China |and |the |precursor |to |manual |and |energetic
therapies?
|
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: | D
Amma |is |regarded |as |the |original |massage |technique |and |precursor |to |all |other |Chinese
|therapies, |manual |and |energetic.
7. Which |healing |method |is |based |on |Hindu |tradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: | A
Knowledge |of |amma |massage |traveled |to |the |subcontinent |of |India |from |China, |and |massage |became
|part |of |Hindu |tradition. |Massage |is |described |in |India’s |first |great |medical |texts, |the |Ayurveda
|books |of |wisdom |(about |1800 |BCE) |and |recommend |massage |as |an |indispensable |healing
|procedure.
8. Which |method |is |Japanese |but |based |on |Chinese |medicine |concepts, |and |uses |pressure |applied
from |the |practitioner’s |thumbs, |elbows, |and |other |parts |of |the |body?
|
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: | B
Shiatsu |is |a |Japanese |method |based |on |the |same |traditional |Chinese |medicine |concepts |as
|acupuncture |—energy |flows |in |the |body |through |streams |called |channels |or |meridians.
Acupuncturists |use |needles |at |specific |points |to |balance |the |flow |of |energy; |shiatsu
|practitioners |use |their |fingers, |thumbs, |forearms, |elbows, |and |even |their |knees |and |feet.
9. Who |is |generally |recognized |as |the |father |of |modern |Western |medicine?
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: | D
Hippocrates |was |known |to |be |a |fine |physician, |founder |of |a |medical |school, |author |of |numerous
|books, |and |advocated |the |use |of |massage |or |“rubbing.” |These |works |are |collectively |known |as
|the |Corpus |Hippocraticum, |and |summarized |much |of |what |was |known |about |disease |and
|medicine |in |the |ancient |world. |Hippocrates |is |generally |recognized |as |the |father |of |modern
|Western |medicine, |and |he |believed |that |physicians |should |avoid |causing |harm |to |patients.
10. Who |wrote |the |Canon |of |Medicine, |the |most |famous |book |in |the |history |of |medicine |in |both |the
East |and |the |West?
|
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: | C
A |text |entitled | | or |Canon |of |Medicine |was |written |by |one |of |the |greatest
|Persian |physicians |of |his |era, |Avicenna |(980-1037). |He |was |also |known |as |Ibn |Sina. |The |Canon
|of |Medicine |is |the |most |famous |book |in |the |history |of |medicine |in |both |the |East |and |the |West.
11. Which |individual |discussed |the |effects |of |massage |and |used |friction |on |joints |in |the |1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: | A
Ambroise |Paré |(1515-1590) |was |a |famous |French |surgeon |who |was |among |the |earliest
|individuals |in |this |era |to |discuss |the |effects |of |massage. |He |used |friction |to |treat |dislocated
|joints |and |other |orthopedic |conditions.
12. Who |was |the |first |known |scientist |to |demonstrate |that |blood |circulation |due |to |muscular
contraction |of |the |heart?
|
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: | C
English |scientist |William |Harvey |(1578–1657) |discovered |the |circulation |of |blood |in |1628,
|and |his |writings |did |much |to |promote |the |acceptance |of |massage |as |a |treatment |measure.
Harvey |observed |the |hearts |of |living |animals |and |determined |that |active |phase |of |the |heart |muscular
|contraction |(systole) |pumped |blood |through |arteries |and |veins.
13. Who |developed |the |Swedish |Movement |Cure, |which |included |the |use |of |massage?
a. Johann |Mezger
b. Pehr |H. |Ling
c. George |Henry |Taylor
, d. John |Harvey |Kellogg
ANS: | B
Pehr |Henrik |Ling |(1776 |to |1839) |developed |his |own |system |of |massage |and |exercises |or
|gymnastics, |the |latter |of |which |consisted |of |four |types—educational, |military, |medical, |and |esthetic.
|This |system |was |called |the |Swedish |Remedial |Massage |and |Exercise, |the |Swedish |Movement |Cure,
|or |simply |the |Ling |system.
14. Which |term |describes |a |component |of |the |Ling |System?
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai |massage
d. Swedish |massage
ANS: | D
The |term |Swedish |massage |was |used |to |describe |the |massage |component |of |Ling’s |system.
|For |this |reason, |Ling |is |regarded |as |the |father |of |Swedish |massage.
15. Which |individual |is |credited |with |having |introduced |French |terms |still |in |use |to |describe
massage |techniques?
|
a. Johann |Mezger
b. William |Harvey
c. Pehr |H. |Ling
d. Charles |Taylor
ANS: | A
French |was |the |international |language |in |the |nineteenth |century. |The |Dutch |physician |Johann
|Mezger |(1838 |to |909) |is |credited |with |having |introduced |the |French |terminology |still |used |to
|describe |massage |techniques |(e.g., |effleurage, |pétrissage, |tapotement) |which |is |still |used |in |massage
|legislation, |medical |insurance |billing |codes, |and |massage |curricula.
16. Who |is |the |founder |of |modern |nursing, |which |included |massage |as |part |of |care?
a. Tiffany |Field
b. Florence |Nightingale
c. Charles |Fayette |Taylor
d. John |Harvey |Kellogg
ANS: | B
Florence |Nightingale |(1829 |to |1910) |of |England, |founder |of |modern |nursing, |took |care |of
|wounded |soldiers |during |the |Crimean |War |(1853 |to |1856). |She |developed |a |standard |of |care |for
|patients, |and |massage |was |an |integral |part |of |care. |When |nurse |training |was |developed, |massage
|was |included |in |the |curriculum |and |massage |was |provided |to |patients |as |part |of |their |comfort
|measures.
17. French |physician |Lucas-Championniere |used |massage |and |exercise |to |treat |soldiers |injured
during |which |event?
|
a. World |War |I
b. World |War |II
c. Civil |War
d. Viet |Nam |War
ANS: | A
| | | | | |
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
| | | |
MULTIPLE |CHOICE
1. Which |method |is |defined |as |manipulation |of |soft |tissue |using |pressure |and |traction |for
clinical, |therapeutic, |and |palliative |purposes?
|
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity |therapy
d. Massage |therapy
ANS: | D
Massage |therapy |the |manipulation |of |soft |tissue |using |compression |and
|decompression/traction |for |clinical, |therapeutic, |and |palliative |purposes |or |for |wellness |and
|self-care |purposes.
2. Which |origin |for |the |word |massage |is |Greek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: | B
The |origin |of |the |word |massage |is |unclear, |but |can |be |traced |to |numerous |sources: |the |Hebrew
|mashesh, |the |Greek |masso |and |massin, |the |Latin |massa, |the |Arabic |mass’h, |the |Sanskrit |makeh,
|and |the |French |masser.
3. When |was |the |earliest |the |term |massage |was |used |by |most |European-based |cultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: | C
By |the |early |1800s, |the |term |massage |was |used |by |most |European-based |cultures.
|Historically, |massage |was |referred |to |by |its |techniques |such |as |friction |or |rubbing.
4. The |first |written |records |of |massage |date |back |to |3000 |BCE |in |which |country?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: | B
Written |records |regarding |the |practice |of |massage |go |back |to |3000 |BCE |in |China.
|Acupuncture |was |not |mentioned |in |Chinese |writings |until |90 |BCE.
5. Which |work |is |commonly |referred |to |as |the |classic |scripture |of |traditional |Chinese |medicine?
, a. Tao |Te |Ching
b. Nei |Ching
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus |Hippocraticum
ANS: | B
At |the |time |of |Hwang |Ti, |various |ideas |and |beliefs |were |compiled |under |the |name |of |the |Yellow
|Emperor |(died |in |2599 |BCE) |which |became |the |classic |scripture |of |traditional |Chinese |medicine
|known |as |the |Nei |Chang. |The |Nei |Chang |was |written |about |2760 |BCE, |and |this |work |contains
|detailed |descriptions |of |massage |procedures |as |well |as |herbal |medicines.
6. What |is |the |original |massage |technique |in |China |and |the |precursor |to |manual |and |energetic
therapies?
|
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: | D
Amma |is |regarded |as |the |original |massage |technique |and |precursor |to |all |other |Chinese
|therapies, |manual |and |energetic.
7. Which |healing |method |is |based |on |Hindu |tradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: | A
Knowledge |of |amma |massage |traveled |to |the |subcontinent |of |India |from |China, |and |massage |became
|part |of |Hindu |tradition. |Massage |is |described |in |India’s |first |great |medical |texts, |the |Ayurveda
|books |of |wisdom |(about |1800 |BCE) |and |recommend |massage |as |an |indispensable |healing
|procedure.
8. Which |method |is |Japanese |but |based |on |Chinese |medicine |concepts, |and |uses |pressure |applied
from |the |practitioner’s |thumbs, |elbows, |and |other |parts |of |the |body?
|
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: | B
Shiatsu |is |a |Japanese |method |based |on |the |same |traditional |Chinese |medicine |concepts |as
|acupuncture |—energy |flows |in |the |body |through |streams |called |channels |or |meridians.
Acupuncturists |use |needles |at |specific |points |to |balance |the |flow |of |energy; |shiatsu
|practitioners |use |their |fingers, |thumbs, |forearms, |elbows, |and |even |their |knees |and |feet.
9. Who |is |generally |recognized |as |the |father |of |modern |Western |medicine?
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: | D
Hippocrates |was |known |to |be |a |fine |physician, |founder |of |a |medical |school, |author |of |numerous
|books, |and |advocated |the |use |of |massage |or |“rubbing.” |These |works |are |collectively |known |as
|the |Corpus |Hippocraticum, |and |summarized |much |of |what |was |known |about |disease |and
|medicine |in |the |ancient |world. |Hippocrates |is |generally |recognized |as |the |father |of |modern
|Western |medicine, |and |he |believed |that |physicians |should |avoid |causing |harm |to |patients.
10. Who |wrote |the |Canon |of |Medicine, |the |most |famous |book |in |the |history |of |medicine |in |both |the
East |and |the |West?
|
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: | C
A |text |entitled | | or |Canon |of |Medicine |was |written |by |one |of |the |greatest
|Persian |physicians |of |his |era, |Avicenna |(980-1037). |He |was |also |known |as |Ibn |Sina. |The |Canon
|of |Medicine |is |the |most |famous |book |in |the |history |of |medicine |in |both |the |East |and |the |West.
11. Which |individual |discussed |the |effects |of |massage |and |used |friction |on |joints |in |the |1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: | A
Ambroise |Paré |(1515-1590) |was |a |famous |French |surgeon |who |was |among |the |earliest
|individuals |in |this |era |to |discuss |the |effects |of |massage. |He |used |friction |to |treat |dislocated
|joints |and |other |orthopedic |conditions.
12. Who |was |the |first |known |scientist |to |demonstrate |that |blood |circulation |due |to |muscular
contraction |of |the |heart?
|
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: | C
English |scientist |William |Harvey |(1578–1657) |discovered |the |circulation |of |blood |in |1628,
|and |his |writings |did |much |to |promote |the |acceptance |of |massage |as |a |treatment |measure.
Harvey |observed |the |hearts |of |living |animals |and |determined |that |active |phase |of |the |heart |muscular
|contraction |(systole) |pumped |blood |through |arteries |and |veins.
13. Who |developed |the |Swedish |Movement |Cure, |which |included |the |use |of |massage?
a. Johann |Mezger
b. Pehr |H. |Ling
c. George |Henry |Taylor
, d. John |Harvey |Kellogg
ANS: | B
Pehr |Henrik |Ling |(1776 |to |1839) |developed |his |own |system |of |massage |and |exercises |or
|gymnastics, |the |latter |of |which |consisted |of |four |types—educational, |military, |medical, |and |esthetic.
|This |system |was |called |the |Swedish |Remedial |Massage |and |Exercise, |the |Swedish |Movement |Cure,
|or |simply |the |Ling |system.
14. Which |term |describes |a |component |of |the |Ling |System?
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai |massage
d. Swedish |massage
ANS: | D
The |term |Swedish |massage |was |used |to |describe |the |massage |component |of |Ling’s |system.
|For |this |reason, |Ling |is |regarded |as |the |father |of |Swedish |massage.
15. Which |individual |is |credited |with |having |introduced |French |terms |still |in |use |to |describe
massage |techniques?
|
a. Johann |Mezger
b. William |Harvey
c. Pehr |H. |Ling
d. Charles |Taylor
ANS: | A
French |was |the |international |language |in |the |nineteenth |century. |The |Dutch |physician |Johann
|Mezger |(1838 |to |909) |is |credited |with |having |introduced |the |French |terminology |still |used |to
|describe |massage |techniques |(e.g., |effleurage, |pétrissage, |tapotement) |which |is |still |used |in |massage
|legislation, |medical |insurance |billing |codes, |and |massage |curricula.
16. Who |is |the |founder |of |modern |nursing, |which |included |massage |as |part |of |care?
a. Tiffany |Field
b. Florence |Nightingale
c. Charles |Fayette |Taylor
d. John |Harvey |Kellogg
ANS: | B
Florence |Nightingale |(1829 |to |1910) |of |England, |founder |of |modern |nursing, |took |care |of
|wounded |soldiers |during |the |Crimean |War |(1853 |to |1856). |She |developed |a |standard |of |care |for
|patients, |and |massage |was |an |integral |part |of |care. |When |nurse |training |was |developed, |massage
|was |included |in |the |curriculum |and |massage |was |provided |to |patients |as |part |of |their |comfort
|measures.
17. French |physician |Lucas-Championniere |used |massage |and |exercise |to |treat |soldiers |injured
during |which |event?
|
a. World |War |I
b. World |War |II
c. Civil |War
d. Viet |Nam |War
ANS: | A
