TEST BANK Massage Therapy 7/E Susan Salvo
h h h h h h
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
h h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hclinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
h h h h
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy h
d. Massage therapy h
ANS: D h
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
h h h h h h h h h
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
h h h h h h h h h h h
self-care purposes.
h h
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
h h h h h h h
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B h
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
makeh, and the French masser.
h h h h h
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C h
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B h
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
h h h h h h h h h h
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
, a. Tao Te Ching h h
b. Nei Ching h
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum h
ANS: B h
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and this
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
therapies?
h
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D h
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
therapies, manual and energetic.
h h h h
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
h h h h h h h
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A h
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
healing procedure.
h h
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure applied
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B h
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
h h h h h h h h h h h h
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D h
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
harm to patients.
h h h
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
the East and the West?
h h h h h
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C h
A text entitled
h h or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
the West.
h h
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A h
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
h h h h h h h h h h h h
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat dislocated
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
joints and other orthopedic conditions.
h h h h h
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hcontraction of the heart? h h h
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C h
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628,
h h h h h h h h h h h
and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment measure.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
h h h h h h h h h
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Johann Mezger h
b. Pehr H. Ling h h
c. George Henry Taylor h h
, d. John Harvey Kellogg h h
ANS: B h
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
gymnastics, the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical, and
h h h h h h h h h h h h
esthetic. This system was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the Swedish
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Movement Cure, or simply the Ling system.
h h h h h h h
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
h h h h h h h h
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage h
d. Swedish massage h
ANS: D h
The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
For this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hmassage techniques? h
a. Johann Mezger h
b. William Harvey h
c. Pehr H. Ling h h
d. Charles Taylor h
ANS: A h
French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician Johann
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Mezger (1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
describe massage techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still used in
h h h h h h h h h h h h
massage legislation, medical insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
h h h h h h h h h
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Tiffany Field h
b. Florence Nightingale h
c. Charles Fayette Taylor h h
d. John Harvey Kellogg h h
ANS: B h
Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of care
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
for patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was developed,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
massage was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients as part of their
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
comfort measures.
h h
17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured
h h h h h h h h h h
during which event?
h h h
a. World War I h h
b. World War II h h
c. Civil War h
d. Viet Nam War h h
ANS: A h
h h h h h h
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
h h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hclinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
h h h h
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy h
d. Massage therapy h
ANS: D h
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
h h h h h h h h h
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
h h h h h h h h h h h
self-care purposes.
h h
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
h h h h h h h
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B h
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
makeh, and the French masser.
h h h h h
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C h
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B h
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
h h h h h h h h h h
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
, a. Tao Te Ching h h
b. Nei Ching h
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum h
ANS: B h
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and this
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
therapies?
h
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D h
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
therapies, manual and energetic.
h h h h
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
h h h h h h h
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A h
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
healing procedure.
h h
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure applied
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B h
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
h h h h h h h h h h h h
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D h
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
harm to patients.
h h h
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
the East and the West?
h h h h h
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C h
A text entitled
h h or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
the West.
h h
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A h
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
h h h h h h h h h h h h
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat dislocated
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
joints and other orthopedic conditions.
h h h h h
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hcontraction of the heart? h h h
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C h
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628,
h h h h h h h h h h h
and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment measure.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
h h h h h h h h h
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Johann Mezger h
b. Pehr H. Ling h h
c. George Henry Taylor h h
, d. John Harvey Kellogg h h
ANS: B h
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
gymnastics, the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical, and
h h h h h h h h h h h h
esthetic. This system was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the Swedish
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Movement Cure, or simply the Ling system.
h h h h h h h
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
h h h h h h h h
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage h
d. Swedish massage h
ANS: D h
The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
For this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hmassage techniques? h
a. Johann Mezger h
b. William Harvey h
c. Pehr H. Ling h h
d. Charles Taylor h
ANS: A h
French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician Johann
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Mezger (1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
describe massage techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still used in
h h h h h h h h h h h h
massage legislation, medical insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
h h h h h h h h h
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Tiffany Field h
b. Florence Nightingale h
c. Charles Fayette Taylor h h
d. John Harvey Kellogg h h
ANS: B h
Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of care
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
for patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was developed,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
massage was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients as part of their
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
comfort measures.
h h
17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured
h h h h h h h h h h
during which event?
h h h
a. World War I h h
b. World War II h h
c. Civil War h
d. Viet Nam War h h
ANS: A h
