TEST BANK Massage Therapy 7/E Susan Salvo
n n n n n n
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
n n n n
MULTIPLE CHOICE n
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nclinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
n n n n
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy n
d. Massage therapy n
ANS: D n
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
n n n n n n n n n
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
n n n n n n n n n n n
self-care purposes.
n n
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
n n n n n n n
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B n
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
makeh, and the French masser.
n n n n n
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C n
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B n
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
n n n n n n n n n n
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
, a. Tao Te Ching n n
b. Nei Ching n
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum n
ANS: B n
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and this
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
therapies?
n
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D n
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
therapies, manual and energetic.
n n n n
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
n n n n n n n
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A n
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
healing procedure.
n n
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure applied
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B n
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
n n n n n n n n n n n n
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
n n n n n n n n n n
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D n
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
harm to patients.
n n n
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the East and the West?
n n n n n
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C n
A text entitled
n n or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the West.
n n
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A n
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
n n n n n n n n n n n n
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat dislocated
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
joints and other orthopedic conditions.
n n n n n
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
ncontraction of the heart? n n n
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C n
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628,
n n n n n n n n n n n
and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment measure.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
n n n n n n n n n
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Johann Mezger n
b. Pehr H. Ling n n
c. George Henry Taylor n n
, d. John Harvey Kellogg n n
ANS: B n
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
gymnastics, the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical, and
n n n n n n n n n n n n
esthetic. This system was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the Swedish
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Movement Cure, or simply the Ling system.
n n n n n n n
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
n n n n n n n n
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage n
d. Swedish massage n
ANS: D n
The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
For this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nmassage techniques? n
a. Johann Mezger n
b. William Harvey n
c. Pehr H. Ling n n
d. Charles Taylor n
ANS: A n
French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician Johann
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Mezger (1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
describe massage techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still used in
n n n n n n n n n n n n
massage legislation, medical insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
n n n n n n n n n
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Tiffany Field n
b. Florence Nightingale n
c. Charles Fayette Taylor n n
d. John Harvey Kellogg n n
ANS: B n
Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of care
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
for patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was developed,
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
massage was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients as part of their
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
comfort measures.
n n
17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured
n n n n n n n n n n
during which event?
n n n
a. World War I n n
b. World War II n n
c. Civil War n
d. Viet Nam War n n
ANS: A n
n n n n n n
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
n n n n
MULTIPLE CHOICE n
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nclinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
n n n n
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy n
d. Massage therapy n
ANS: D n
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
n n n n n n n n n
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
n n n n n n n n n n n
self-care purposes.
n n
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
n n n n n n n
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B n
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
makeh, and the French masser.
n n n n n
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C n
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B n
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
n n n n n n n n n n
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
, a. Tao Te Ching n n
b. Nei Ching n
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum n
ANS: B n
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and this
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
therapies?
n
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D n
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
therapies, manual and energetic.
n n n n
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
n n n n n n n
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A n
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
healing procedure.
n n
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure applied
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B n
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
n n n n n n n n n n n n
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
n n n n n n n n n n
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D n
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
harm to patients.
n n n
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the East and the West?
n n n n n
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C n
A text entitled
n n or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the West.
n n
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A n
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
n n n n n n n n n n n n
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat dislocated
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
joints and other orthopedic conditions.
n n n n n
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
ncontraction of the heart? n n n
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C n
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628,
n n n n n n n n n n n
and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment measure.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
n n n n n n n n n
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Johann Mezger n
b. Pehr H. Ling n n
c. George Henry Taylor n n
, d. John Harvey Kellogg n n
ANS: B n
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
gymnastics, the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical, and
n n n n n n n n n n n n
esthetic. This system was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the Swedish
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Movement Cure, or simply the Ling system.
n n n n n n n
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
n n n n n n n n
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage n
d. Swedish massage n
ANS: D n
The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
For this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nmassage techniques? n
a. Johann Mezger n
b. William Harvey n
c. Pehr H. Ling n n
d. Charles Taylor n
ANS: A n
French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician Johann
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Mezger (1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
describe massage techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still used in
n n n n n n n n n n n n
massage legislation, medical insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
n n n n n n n n n
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. Tiffany Field n
b. Florence Nightingale n
c. Charles Fayette Taylor n n
d. John Harvey Kellogg n n
ANS: B n
Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of care
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
for patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was developed,
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
massage was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients as part of their
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
comfort measures.
n n
17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured
n n n n n n n n n n
during which event?
n n n
a. World War I n n
b. World War II n n
c. Civil War n
d. Viet Nam War n n
ANS: A n
