Test Bank for Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs

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Tkacs




Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clini
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cal Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs
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Tkacs
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICALPRACTICE
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1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.

B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.


2.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
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momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localiz
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ed:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin. mi




D) coolness.


3.
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement
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of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early i
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n great numbers?
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A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes

C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets

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4.
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the i
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nitial step in the process?
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A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing mi




C) Antigen margination mi




D) Recognition and adherence mi mi




5.
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capi
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llary permeability and pain?
mi mi mi




A) Serotonin

B) Histamine

C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide mi




6.
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which o
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f the following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous


7. The acute-
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phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of infla
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mmation and includes: mi mi




A) fever and lethargy.
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B) decreased C-reactive protein. mi mi




C) positive nitrogen balance. mi mi




D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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8.
In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterize
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d by which of the following phenomena?
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A) Profuse fibrinous exudation mi mi




B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis mi mi mi




D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages mi mi mi




9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin- mi mi


1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogen
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ous pyrogens that:
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A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.mi mi mi mi mi




B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. mi mi mi




C) block viral replication in cells.
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D) inhibit prostaglandin release.mi mi




10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
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.
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflamm
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ation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following event
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s will occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
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A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces mi mi mi mi mi




B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium mi mi mi mi mi




D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris mi mi mi




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
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. experiencing chronic inflammation? mi mi




A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
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D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
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12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
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.
A) 35.9C (96.6F) mi