NUR 265 - Ch. 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9 (Quiz 2 Material)
- Phenomenology
- Grounded theory
- Ethnography
- Community participatory research Correct Answer: The different qualitative research methods include:
Phenomenological method Correct Answer: - A process of learning and constructing the meaning of
human experience through intensive dialogue with persons who are living the experience
- Rests on the assumption that there is a structure and essence to shared experiences that can be
narrated
- Researcher's goal = to understand the meaning of the experience as it is lived by the participant
- These studies usually incorporate data bout the lived space, or spatiality; the lived body, or
corporeality; lived time, or temporality; and lived human relations, or relationally
- Meaning = pursued through a process of dialog
- There are many schools of phenomenological research
- Researchers ask questions about the lived experience and use methods that explore phenomena as
they are embedded in people's lives and environments
Bracketed Correct Answer: The researcher identifies their own personal biases about the phenomenon
of interest to clarify how personal experience and beliefs may color what is heard and reported
Data saturation Correct Answer: - The situation of obtaining the full range of themes from the
participants, so that in interviewing additional participants, no new data emerge
- Guides decisions regarding how many interviews are enough
Grounded theory method Correct Answer: - An inductive approach involving a systematic set of
procedures to arrive at a theory about basic social processes
- Based on observations and perceptions of the social scene and evolves during data collection and
analysis
- Describes a research approach to construct theory where no theory exists, or where existing theories
fail to provide evidence
- Used in many disciplines
- The usefulness of the study stems from the transferability of theories, a theory derived from one study
is applicable to another
Theoretical sampling Correct Answer: Used to select experiences that will help the researcher to test
hunches and ideas and to gather complete information about developing concepts
Constant comparative method Correct Answer: Process by which coded data are continuously
compared with new data as they are acquired during research
Ethnographic method Correct Answer: - Focuses on scientific description and interpretation of cultural
or social groups and systems
- Derived from the Greek term ethnos, meaning people, race, or cultural group
- Goal of the ethnographer = to understand the research pariticipant's view of their world
, - This approach requires that the researcher enter the world of the study participants to watch what
happens, listen to what is said, ask questions, and collect data
- Nurses use this method to study cultural variation in health and patient groups as subcultures within
larger social contexts
Ethnography Correct Answer: Term used to mean both the research technique and the product of that
technique - that is, the study itself
Emic view Correct Answer: The insider's view
Etic view Correct Answer: The outsider's view; obtained when the researcher uses quantitative analysis
of behavior
Key informants Correct Answer: Individuals who have special knowledge, status, or communication
skills, and who are willing to teach the ethnographer about the phenomenon
Community participatory research (CBPR) Correct Answer: - A research method that systematically
accesses the voice of a community to plan context-appropriate action
- Provides an alternative to traditional research approaches that assume a phenomenon may be
separated from its context for purpose of study
- Investigators recognize that engaging members of a study population as active and equal participants is
crucial for the research process to be a means of facilitating change
- Change or action is the intended end product of CBPR
- Many scholars consider CBPR to be a type of action research
- Three phases of the research process: Look, think, and act
- Photovoice: A tool that can be used to foster trust and capacity building for community-led solutions to
environment and health issues
Domains Correct Answer: Symbolic categories that include smaller categories
Rigor Correct Answer: - Ensures there is a correlation between the steps of the research process and
the actual study
- A means of demonstrating the credibility and integrity of the qualitative research process
- Credibility
- Auditability
- Fittingness
- Trustworthiness Correct Answer: Criteria for judging scientific rigor:
Credibility Correct Answer: Truth of findings as judged by participants and others within the discipline.
For instance, you may find the researcher returning to the participants to share interpretation of
findings and query accuracy from the perspective of the persons living the experience
Auditability Correct Answer: Accountability as judged by the adequacy of information leading the
reader from the research question and raw data through various steps of analysis to the interpretation
of findings. For instance, you should be able to follow the reasoning of the researcher step by step
through explicit examples of data, interpretations, and syntheses
- Phenomenology
- Grounded theory
- Ethnography
- Community participatory research Correct Answer: The different qualitative research methods include:
Phenomenological method Correct Answer: - A process of learning and constructing the meaning of
human experience through intensive dialogue with persons who are living the experience
- Rests on the assumption that there is a structure and essence to shared experiences that can be
narrated
- Researcher's goal = to understand the meaning of the experience as it is lived by the participant
- These studies usually incorporate data bout the lived space, or spatiality; the lived body, or
corporeality; lived time, or temporality; and lived human relations, or relationally
- Meaning = pursued through a process of dialog
- There are many schools of phenomenological research
- Researchers ask questions about the lived experience and use methods that explore phenomena as
they are embedded in people's lives and environments
Bracketed Correct Answer: The researcher identifies their own personal biases about the phenomenon
of interest to clarify how personal experience and beliefs may color what is heard and reported
Data saturation Correct Answer: - The situation of obtaining the full range of themes from the
participants, so that in interviewing additional participants, no new data emerge
- Guides decisions regarding how many interviews are enough
Grounded theory method Correct Answer: - An inductive approach involving a systematic set of
procedures to arrive at a theory about basic social processes
- Based on observations and perceptions of the social scene and evolves during data collection and
analysis
- Describes a research approach to construct theory where no theory exists, or where existing theories
fail to provide evidence
- Used in many disciplines
- The usefulness of the study stems from the transferability of theories, a theory derived from one study
is applicable to another
Theoretical sampling Correct Answer: Used to select experiences that will help the researcher to test
hunches and ideas and to gather complete information about developing concepts
Constant comparative method Correct Answer: Process by which coded data are continuously
compared with new data as they are acquired during research
Ethnographic method Correct Answer: - Focuses on scientific description and interpretation of cultural
or social groups and systems
- Derived from the Greek term ethnos, meaning people, race, or cultural group
- Goal of the ethnographer = to understand the research pariticipant's view of their world
, - This approach requires that the researcher enter the world of the study participants to watch what
happens, listen to what is said, ask questions, and collect data
- Nurses use this method to study cultural variation in health and patient groups as subcultures within
larger social contexts
Ethnography Correct Answer: Term used to mean both the research technique and the product of that
technique - that is, the study itself
Emic view Correct Answer: The insider's view
Etic view Correct Answer: The outsider's view; obtained when the researcher uses quantitative analysis
of behavior
Key informants Correct Answer: Individuals who have special knowledge, status, or communication
skills, and who are willing to teach the ethnographer about the phenomenon
Community participatory research (CBPR) Correct Answer: - A research method that systematically
accesses the voice of a community to plan context-appropriate action
- Provides an alternative to traditional research approaches that assume a phenomenon may be
separated from its context for purpose of study
- Investigators recognize that engaging members of a study population as active and equal participants is
crucial for the research process to be a means of facilitating change
- Change or action is the intended end product of CBPR
- Many scholars consider CBPR to be a type of action research
- Three phases of the research process: Look, think, and act
- Photovoice: A tool that can be used to foster trust and capacity building for community-led solutions to
environment and health issues
Domains Correct Answer: Symbolic categories that include smaller categories
Rigor Correct Answer: - Ensures there is a correlation between the steps of the research process and
the actual study
- A means of demonstrating the credibility and integrity of the qualitative research process
- Credibility
- Auditability
- Fittingness
- Trustworthiness Correct Answer: Criteria for judging scientific rigor:
Credibility Correct Answer: Truth of findings as judged by participants and others within the discipline.
For instance, you may find the researcher returning to the participants to share interpretation of
findings and query accuracy from the perspective of the persons living the experience
Auditability Correct Answer: Accountability as judged by the adequacy of information leading the
reader from the research question and raw data through various steps of analysis to the interpretation
of findings. For instance, you should be able to follow the reasoning of the researcher step by step
through explicit examples of data, interpretations, and syntheses
