WGU C224 Study Set COMPLETE SOLUTION
1. research literature: is the set of published research studies on a particular topic
various studies with the same result = CONFIDENCE
**Don't trust a single research study as the final word on a topic!**
2. AERA: American Educational Research Association - largest and most presti-
gious research association in the field of education
3. abstract: a brief summary of what is included in the article.
provides a concise breakdown of article goals, methods, and tentative results
researchers choose to include
4. understanding: (type of research objective)
attempting to learn about and generate ideas about specific and unique phenom-
ena
5. How to determine if understanding was the objective of a research study-
: ask yourself these questions:
1. were the researchers studying a phenomenon or some aspect of a phenomenon
about WHICH LITTLE WAS PREVIOUSLY KNOWN?
2. Did the researchers choose to study a phenomenon WITHOUT ANY PRECON-
CEIVED NOTIONS?
3. Were the researchers trying to "DISCOVER" IMPORTANT FACTORS or "gen-
erate" new ideas for further research?
6. description: (type of research objective)
an attempt to describe the characteristics of a phenomenon.
one of the most basic activities in research.
ex. observing a phenomenon and recording what one sees
7. descriptive research: (type of research objective)
provide an accurate description or picture of the status or characteristics of a
situation or phenomenon.
, WGU C224 Study Set
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_52al31
**focus is not specifically on searching out cause-and-effect relationships, but
rather on relating the variables that exist in a given situation and any relevant
relationships that exist among them.
8. Steps in Descriptive Research: 1. randomly select a sample from a defined
population.
2. determine the sample characteristics
3. infer the characteristics of the population based on the sample
9. explanation: (type of research objective)
how and why a phenomenon operates as it does
**the objective of the majority of educational research is explanation**
10. How to determine if Explanation is the primary objective of a research
study: ask yourself these questions:
1. Were the researchers trying to DEVELOP A THEORY about a phenomenon to
explain how and why it operates as it does?
2. Were the researchers trying to explain how phenomena operate by IDENTIFY-
ING CAUSE-AND-EFFECT relationships?
11. explanatory research: testing hypotheses and theories that explain the func-
tions of a phenomenon in detail
**researcher is focused on establishing clear and defensible evidence for
cause-and-effect relationships.
***experimental research is the strongest form of explanatory research for provid-
ing evidence of cause and effect.
12. prediction: (type of research objective)
forecast a phenomenon, wherein there is an association made between two points
in time.
**when researchers determine cause-and-effect operations, they can use this
information to form predictions
, WGU C224 Study Set
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_52al31
13. predictive research: predict the future of one or more dependent (or criterion)
variables on the basis of one or more independent (or predictor) variables.
**is most applicable when researchers want to see how well they can predict a
certain outcome based on one or more independent or predictor variables.
14. influence (motivation): (type of research objective)
attempting to apply research to make certain outcomes occur
**application of research knowledge to control various aspects of the world
15. How to determine if influence is the primary objective of a research
study: ask yourself these questions:
1. Were the researchers applying research knowledge to MAKE SOMETHING
USEFUL HAPPEN in the world?
2. Were the researchers checking a "DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM" to see if it
works in practice?
16. Integration Perspective: (type of research objective)
Two key perspectives: Emic and Etic
consolidating insights from multiple investigators, theories/perspectives, sets of
data, and methods in order to understand a given entity of study, such as a school,
or a classroom or population.
17. Emic Perspective (when seeking integration objective): - provides insider's
perspective
- gives meaning and views of people being studied
- gets inside the heads of groups members
- includes local languages, forms of expression, and jargon/slang
18. Etuc Perspective (when seeking integration objective): - provides external,
social scientific perspective
- gives perspective of objective researcher
, WGU C224 Study Set
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_52al31
- uses social scientific concepts, terms, and procedures to describe and explain
behavior
- brings research questions from outside
19. 5 General TYPES of research: 1. Basic
2. Evaluation
3. Action
4. Orientational
5. Applied
20. basic research: generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical under-
standing about primary human functions and other natural processes.
*Usually conducted by using rigorous research methods (e.g. experimental) under
tightly controlled laboratory conditions.
(opposite of applied)
21. applied research: answering real-world, practical questions in order to provide
relatively immediate solutions
**conducted in more natural or real-world settings as opposed to basic research.
**results would potentially have practical implications for educational policy
**applied research studies often lead to intervention programs aimed at improving
societal conditions
22. evaluation research: determine how well social or educational programs work
in real-world settings, as well as any improvement possibilities
**determines the worth, merit, or quality of a specific program.
***two types of evaluation: formative & summative
23. formative evaluation: is concerned with developing judgments of how a pro-
gram can be improved and aids developers and staff design and implement
programs.
24. summative evaulation: focuses on cultivating judgements of a programs ef-
fectiveness and any decisions regarding continuation.
1. research literature: is the set of published research studies on a particular topic
various studies with the same result = CONFIDENCE
**Don't trust a single research study as the final word on a topic!**
2. AERA: American Educational Research Association - largest and most presti-
gious research association in the field of education
3. abstract: a brief summary of what is included in the article.
provides a concise breakdown of article goals, methods, and tentative results
researchers choose to include
4. understanding: (type of research objective)
attempting to learn about and generate ideas about specific and unique phenom-
ena
5. How to determine if understanding was the objective of a research study-
: ask yourself these questions:
1. were the researchers studying a phenomenon or some aspect of a phenomenon
about WHICH LITTLE WAS PREVIOUSLY KNOWN?
2. Did the researchers choose to study a phenomenon WITHOUT ANY PRECON-
CEIVED NOTIONS?
3. Were the researchers trying to "DISCOVER" IMPORTANT FACTORS or "gen-
erate" new ideas for further research?
6. description: (type of research objective)
an attempt to describe the characteristics of a phenomenon.
one of the most basic activities in research.
ex. observing a phenomenon and recording what one sees
7. descriptive research: (type of research objective)
provide an accurate description or picture of the status or characteristics of a
situation or phenomenon.
, WGU C224 Study Set
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_52al31
**focus is not specifically on searching out cause-and-effect relationships, but
rather on relating the variables that exist in a given situation and any relevant
relationships that exist among them.
8. Steps in Descriptive Research: 1. randomly select a sample from a defined
population.
2. determine the sample characteristics
3. infer the characteristics of the population based on the sample
9. explanation: (type of research objective)
how and why a phenomenon operates as it does
**the objective of the majority of educational research is explanation**
10. How to determine if Explanation is the primary objective of a research
study: ask yourself these questions:
1. Were the researchers trying to DEVELOP A THEORY about a phenomenon to
explain how and why it operates as it does?
2. Were the researchers trying to explain how phenomena operate by IDENTIFY-
ING CAUSE-AND-EFFECT relationships?
11. explanatory research: testing hypotheses and theories that explain the func-
tions of a phenomenon in detail
**researcher is focused on establishing clear and defensible evidence for
cause-and-effect relationships.
***experimental research is the strongest form of explanatory research for provid-
ing evidence of cause and effect.
12. prediction: (type of research objective)
forecast a phenomenon, wherein there is an association made between two points
in time.
**when researchers determine cause-and-effect operations, they can use this
information to form predictions
, WGU C224 Study Set
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_52al31
13. predictive research: predict the future of one or more dependent (or criterion)
variables on the basis of one or more independent (or predictor) variables.
**is most applicable when researchers want to see how well they can predict a
certain outcome based on one or more independent or predictor variables.
14. influence (motivation): (type of research objective)
attempting to apply research to make certain outcomes occur
**application of research knowledge to control various aspects of the world
15. How to determine if influence is the primary objective of a research
study: ask yourself these questions:
1. Were the researchers applying research knowledge to MAKE SOMETHING
USEFUL HAPPEN in the world?
2. Were the researchers checking a "DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM" to see if it
works in practice?
16. Integration Perspective: (type of research objective)
Two key perspectives: Emic and Etic
consolidating insights from multiple investigators, theories/perspectives, sets of
data, and methods in order to understand a given entity of study, such as a school,
or a classroom or population.
17. Emic Perspective (when seeking integration objective): - provides insider's
perspective
- gives meaning and views of people being studied
- gets inside the heads of groups members
- includes local languages, forms of expression, and jargon/slang
18. Etuc Perspective (when seeking integration objective): - provides external,
social scientific perspective
- gives perspective of objective researcher
, WGU C224 Study Set
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_52al31
- uses social scientific concepts, terms, and procedures to describe and explain
behavior
- brings research questions from outside
19. 5 General TYPES of research: 1. Basic
2. Evaluation
3. Action
4. Orientational
5. Applied
20. basic research: generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical under-
standing about primary human functions and other natural processes.
*Usually conducted by using rigorous research methods (e.g. experimental) under
tightly controlled laboratory conditions.
(opposite of applied)
21. applied research: answering real-world, practical questions in order to provide
relatively immediate solutions
**conducted in more natural or real-world settings as opposed to basic research.
**results would potentially have practical implications for educational policy
**applied research studies often lead to intervention programs aimed at improving
societal conditions
22. evaluation research: determine how well social or educational programs work
in real-world settings, as well as any improvement possibilities
**determines the worth, merit, or quality of a specific program.
***two types of evaluation: formative & summative
23. formative evaluation: is concerned with developing judgments of how a pro-
gram can be improved and aids developers and staff design and implement
programs.
24. summative evaulation: focuses on cultivating judgements of a programs ef-
fectiveness and any decisions regarding continuation.
