Solution Manual for
H H
Statistics for Nursing
H H
H Research A Workbook for
H H H
H Evidence-Based Practice H
H 3rd Edition Susan Grove
H H H
H Daisha
, Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
H H H H H H
Measurement: Nominal,
H H
H
H
1
H
The Hquestions Hare Hin Hbold Hfollowed Hby Hanswers.
1. In HTable H1, Hidentify Hthe Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement Hfor Hthe Hcurrent Htherapy Hvariable.
H Provide H a H rationale H for H your H answer.
Answer: HThe Hcurrent Htherapy Hvariable Hwas Hmeasured Hat Hthe Hnominal Hlevel. HThese Hdrug
Hcategories Hwere Hprobably Hdeveloped Hto Hbe Hexhaustive Hfor Hthis Hstudy Hand Hincluded Hthe
Hcategories Hof Hdrugs Hthe Hsubjects Hwere Hreceiving. HHowever, Hthe Hcategories Hare Hnot Hexclusive,
Hsince Hpatients Hare Husually Hon Hmore Hthan Hone Hcategory Hof Hthese Hdrugs Hto Hmanage Htheir
Hhealth Hproblems. HThe Hcurrent Htherapies Hare Hnot Hmeasured Hat Hthe Hordinal Hlevel Hbecause Hthey
Hcannot Hbe Hrank Hordered, Hsince Hno Hdrug Hcategory Hcan Hbe Hconsidered Hmore Hor Hless Hbeneficial
Hthan Hanother Hdrug Hcategory H(see HFigure H1-1; HGrove H& HGray, H2019).
2. What His Hthe Hmode Hfor Hthe Hcurrent Htherapy Hvariable Hin Hthis Hstudy? HProvide Ha
H rationale H for H your H answer.
Answer: HThe Hmode Hfor Hcurrent Htherapy Hwas Hβ Hblocker. HA Htotal Hof H100 H(94%) Hof Hthe Hcardiac
Hpatients
were H receiving H this H category H of H drug, H which H was H the H most H common H prescribed H drug H for
H this Hsample.
3. What Hstatistics Hwere Hconducted Hto Hdescribe Hthe HBMI Hof Hthe Hcardiac Hpatients Hin Hthis
Hsample? H Discuss H whether H these H analysis H techniques H were H appropriate H or
H inappropriate.
Answer: HBMI Hwas Hdescribed Hwith Ha Hmean Hand Hstandard Hdeviation H(SD). HBMI Hmeasurement
Hresulted Hin Hratio-level Hdata Hwith Hcontinuous Hvalues Hand Han Habsolute Hzero H(Stone H& HFrazier,
H2017). HRatio- Hlevel Hdata Hshould Hbe Hanalyzed Hwith Hparametric Hstatistics Hsuch Has Hthe Hmean
Hand HSD H(Grove H& HGray, H2017; HKnapp, H2017).
4. Researchers Hused Hthe Hfollowing Hitem Hto Hmeasure Hregistered Hnurses’ H(RNs) Hincome Hin Ha
Hstudy: H What Hcategory Hidentifies Hyour Hcurrent Hincome Has Han HRN?
a. Less Hthan H$50,000
b. $50,000 Hto H59,999
c. $60,000 Hto H69,999
d. $70,000 Hto H80,000
e. $80,000 Hor Hgreater
What Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement His Hthis Hincome Hvariable? HDoes Hthe Hincome Hvariable Hfollow
H the H rules H outlined H in H Figure H 1-1? H Provide H a H rationale H for H your H answer.
Answer: HIn Hthis Hexample, Hthe Hincome Hvariable His Hmeasured Hat Hthe Hordinal Hlevel. HThe Hincome
Hcatego- Hries H are H exhaustive, H ranging H from H less H than H $50,000 H to H greater H than H $80,000. H The
H two H open-ended
AG H1-1
,AG H1-2 Answer HGuidelines Hfor HQuestions Hto HBe HGraded
categories Hensure Hthat Hall Hsalary Hlevels Hare Hcovered. HThe Hcategories Hare Hnot Hexclusive, Hsince
Hcatego- Hries H(d) Hand H(e) Hinclude Han H$80,000 Hsalary, Hso Hstudy Hparticipants Hmaking H$80,000
Hmight Hmark Heither H(d) Hor H(e) Hor Hboth Hcategories, Hresulting Hin Herroneous Hdata. HCategory H(e)
Hcould Hbe Hchanged H to Hgreater Hthan H$80,000, Hmaking Hthe Hcategories Hexclusive. HThe
Hcategories Hcan Hbe Hrank Hordered Hfrom Hthe Hlowest Hsalary Hto Hthe Hhighest Hsalary, Hwhich His
Hconsistent Hwith Hordinal Hdata H(Grove H& HGray, H2019; HWaltz Het Hal., H2017).
5. What Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement His Hthe HCDS Hscore? HProvide Ha Hrationale Hfor Hyour Hanswer.
Answer: HThe HCDS Hscore His Hat Hthe Hinterval Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement. HThe HCDS His Ha H26-item
HLikert Hscale Hdeveloped Hto Hmeasure Hdepression Hin Hcardiac Hpatients. HStudy Hparticipants Hrated
Htheir Hsymp- Htoms Hon Ha Hscale Hof H1 Hto H7, Hwith Hhigher Hnumbers Hindicating Hincreased Hseverity
Hin Hthe Hdepression Hsymptoms. HThe Htotal Hscores Hfor Heach Hsubject Hobtained Hfrom Hthis Hmulti-
item Hscale Hare Hconsidered Hto Hbe Hat Hthe Hinterval Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement H(Gray Het Hal., H2017;
HWaltz Het Hal., H2017).
5. H Were Hnonparametric Hor Hparametric Hanalysis Htechniques Hused Hto Hanalyze Hthe HCDS
Hscores Hfor H the Hcardiac H patients H in H this H study? H Provide H a H rationale H for H your H answer.
Answer: HParametric Hstatistics, Hsuch Has Hmean Hand HSD, Hwere Hconducted Hto Hdescribe HCDS
Hscores H for Hstudy Hparticipants H(see HTable H1). HCDS Hscores Hare Hinterval-level Hdata Has Hindicated
Hin HQuestions H5, Hso Hparametric Hstatistics Hare Happropriate Hfor Hthis Hlevel Hof Hdata H(Gray Het Hal.,
H2017; HKim H& HMallory, H2017).
7. H Is Hthe Hprevalence Hof Hdepression Hlinked Hto Hthe HNYHA Hclass? HDiscuss Hthe Hclinical
H importance H of H this Hresult.
Answer: HThe Hstudy Hnarrative Hindicated Hthat Hthe Hprevalence Hof Hdepression Hincreased Hwith
Hthe Hgreater HNYHA Hclass. HIn HNYHA Hclass HIII, H64% Hof Hthe Hsubjects Hwere Hdepressed, Hwhereas
H11% Hof Hthe Hsubjects Hwere Hdepressed Hin HNYHA Hclass HI. HThus, Has Hthe HNYHA Hclass Hincreased,
Hthe Hnumber Hof Hsub- Hjects Hwith Hdepression Hincreased. HThis His Han Hexpected Hfinding Hbecause Has
Hthe HNYHA Hclass Hincreases, Hcardiac Hpatients Hhave Hmore Hsevere Hphysical Hsymptoms, Hwhich
Husually Hresult Hin Hemotional Hdistress, Hsuch Has Hdepression. HNurses Hneed Hto Hactively Hassess
Hcardiac Hpatients Hfor Hdepression, Hespecially Hthose H in Hhigher HNYHA Hclasses, Hso Hthey Hmight
Hbe Hdiagnosed Hand Htreated Has Hneeded.
8. H What Hfrequency Hand Hpercent Hof Hcardiac Hpatients Hin Hthis Hstudy Hwere Hnot Hbeing
H treated Hwith Han Hantidepressant? HShow Hyour Hcalculations Hand Hround Hyour Hanswer Hto
H the H nearest H whole H percent H (%).
Answer: H A H total H of H 106 H cardiac H patients H participated H in H this H study. H The H sample
H included H 15 H patients H who H were H receiving H an H antidepressant H (see H Table H 1). H The
H number H of H cardiac Hpatients H not H treated H for H depression H was H 91 H (106 H – H 15 H = H91).
H The H group H percent H is H calculated Hby H the H following H formula: H (group H frequency H ÷
Htotal H sample H size) H × H100%. H For H this H study, H(91 H patients H ÷ H106 H sample H size) H ×
H100% H = H0.858 H × H100% H = H85.8% H = H86%. H The H final Hanswer H is H rounded H to H the
H nearest H whole H percent H as H directed H in H the H question. H You H could H have Halso Hsubtracted
Hthe H14% Hof Hpatients Htreated Hwith Hantidepressants Hfrom H100% Hand Hobtained Hthe H86% Hwho
Hwere Hnot Htreated Hwith Han Hantidepressant.
t. H What Hwas Hthe Hpurpose Hof Hthe H5-minute Hwalk Htest H(5MWT)? HWould Hthe H5MWT Hbe
H useful H in H clinical H practice?
Answer: HHa Het Hal. H(2018) Hstated, H―The H6-min Hwalk Htest H(6MWT) His Ha Hmeasure Hof Hthe
Hsubmaximal, Hsteady-state Hfunctional Hcapacity‖ Hof Hcardiac Hpatients. HThis Htest Hwould Hbe Ha
Hquick, Heasy Hway Hto Hdetermine H a H cardiac H patient’s H functional H status H in H a H clinical
H setting. H This H functional H status Hscore H could H be H used H to H determine H the H treatment H plan
H to H promote H or H maintain H functional H status Hof Hcardiac Hpatients.
, Answer HGuidelines Hfor HQuestions Hto HBe HGraded AG H1-3
10. H How Hwas Hexercise Hconfidence Hmeasured Hin Hthis Hstudy? HWhat Hwas Hthe Hlevel Hof
Hmeasurement H for H the H exercise H confidence H variable H in H this H study? H Provide H a H rationale
H for H your H answer. H Answer: HExercise Hconfidence Hof Hthe Hpatients Hwith Hheart Hfailure H(HF) Hin
Hthis Hstudy Hwas Hmeasured Hwith Hthe HExercise HConfidence HScale Hthat Hincluded Hfour Hsubscales
Hfocused Hon Hwalking, Hclimbing, Hlifting Hobjects Hof Hgraded Hweight, Hand Hrunning H(see Hthe
Hstudy Hnarrative). HThis Hwas Ha Hrating Hscale Hwith Hvalues Hranging Hfrom H0 Hto H100. HThe Hpatients’
Hscores Hfor Hthe HTotal HExercise HConfidence Hscale Hand Hthe Hsubscales Hwere Hconsidered
Hinterval-level Hdata Hand Hanalyzed Hwith Hparametric Hstatistics, Hsuch Has Hmeans Hand HSDs H(see
Hthe Hstudy Hnarrative; HWaltz Het Hal., H2017).
H H
Statistics for Nursing
H H
H Research A Workbook for
H H H
H Evidence-Based Practice H
H 3rd Edition Susan Grove
H H H
H Daisha
, Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
H H H H H H
Measurement: Nominal,
H H
H
H
1
H
The Hquestions Hare Hin Hbold Hfollowed Hby Hanswers.
1. In HTable H1, Hidentify Hthe Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement Hfor Hthe Hcurrent Htherapy Hvariable.
H Provide H a H rationale H for H your H answer.
Answer: HThe Hcurrent Htherapy Hvariable Hwas Hmeasured Hat Hthe Hnominal Hlevel. HThese Hdrug
Hcategories Hwere Hprobably Hdeveloped Hto Hbe Hexhaustive Hfor Hthis Hstudy Hand Hincluded Hthe
Hcategories Hof Hdrugs Hthe Hsubjects Hwere Hreceiving. HHowever, Hthe Hcategories Hare Hnot Hexclusive,
Hsince Hpatients Hare Husually Hon Hmore Hthan Hone Hcategory Hof Hthese Hdrugs Hto Hmanage Htheir
Hhealth Hproblems. HThe Hcurrent Htherapies Hare Hnot Hmeasured Hat Hthe Hordinal Hlevel Hbecause Hthey
Hcannot Hbe Hrank Hordered, Hsince Hno Hdrug Hcategory Hcan Hbe Hconsidered Hmore Hor Hless Hbeneficial
Hthan Hanother Hdrug Hcategory H(see HFigure H1-1; HGrove H& HGray, H2019).
2. What His Hthe Hmode Hfor Hthe Hcurrent Htherapy Hvariable Hin Hthis Hstudy? HProvide Ha
H rationale H for H your H answer.
Answer: HThe Hmode Hfor Hcurrent Htherapy Hwas Hβ Hblocker. HA Htotal Hof H100 H(94%) Hof Hthe Hcardiac
Hpatients
were H receiving H this H category H of H drug, H which H was H the H most H common H prescribed H drug H for
H this Hsample.
3. What Hstatistics Hwere Hconducted Hto Hdescribe Hthe HBMI Hof Hthe Hcardiac Hpatients Hin Hthis
Hsample? H Discuss H whether H these H analysis H techniques H were H appropriate H or
H inappropriate.
Answer: HBMI Hwas Hdescribed Hwith Ha Hmean Hand Hstandard Hdeviation H(SD). HBMI Hmeasurement
Hresulted Hin Hratio-level Hdata Hwith Hcontinuous Hvalues Hand Han Habsolute Hzero H(Stone H& HFrazier,
H2017). HRatio- Hlevel Hdata Hshould Hbe Hanalyzed Hwith Hparametric Hstatistics Hsuch Has Hthe Hmean
Hand HSD H(Grove H& HGray, H2017; HKnapp, H2017).
4. Researchers Hused Hthe Hfollowing Hitem Hto Hmeasure Hregistered Hnurses’ H(RNs) Hincome Hin Ha
Hstudy: H What Hcategory Hidentifies Hyour Hcurrent Hincome Has Han HRN?
a. Less Hthan H$50,000
b. $50,000 Hto H59,999
c. $60,000 Hto H69,999
d. $70,000 Hto H80,000
e. $80,000 Hor Hgreater
What Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement His Hthis Hincome Hvariable? HDoes Hthe Hincome Hvariable Hfollow
H the H rules H outlined H in H Figure H 1-1? H Provide H a H rationale H for H your H answer.
Answer: HIn Hthis Hexample, Hthe Hincome Hvariable His Hmeasured Hat Hthe Hordinal Hlevel. HThe Hincome
Hcatego- Hries H are H exhaustive, H ranging H from H less H than H $50,000 H to H greater H than H $80,000. H The
H two H open-ended
AG H1-1
,AG H1-2 Answer HGuidelines Hfor HQuestions Hto HBe HGraded
categories Hensure Hthat Hall Hsalary Hlevels Hare Hcovered. HThe Hcategories Hare Hnot Hexclusive, Hsince
Hcatego- Hries H(d) Hand H(e) Hinclude Han H$80,000 Hsalary, Hso Hstudy Hparticipants Hmaking H$80,000
Hmight Hmark Heither H(d) Hor H(e) Hor Hboth Hcategories, Hresulting Hin Herroneous Hdata. HCategory H(e)
Hcould Hbe Hchanged H to Hgreater Hthan H$80,000, Hmaking Hthe Hcategories Hexclusive. HThe
Hcategories Hcan Hbe Hrank Hordered Hfrom Hthe Hlowest Hsalary Hto Hthe Hhighest Hsalary, Hwhich His
Hconsistent Hwith Hordinal Hdata H(Grove H& HGray, H2019; HWaltz Het Hal., H2017).
5. What Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement His Hthe HCDS Hscore? HProvide Ha Hrationale Hfor Hyour Hanswer.
Answer: HThe HCDS Hscore His Hat Hthe Hinterval Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement. HThe HCDS His Ha H26-item
HLikert Hscale Hdeveloped Hto Hmeasure Hdepression Hin Hcardiac Hpatients. HStudy Hparticipants Hrated
Htheir Hsymp- Htoms Hon Ha Hscale Hof H1 Hto H7, Hwith Hhigher Hnumbers Hindicating Hincreased Hseverity
Hin Hthe Hdepression Hsymptoms. HThe Htotal Hscores Hfor Heach Hsubject Hobtained Hfrom Hthis Hmulti-
item Hscale Hare Hconsidered Hto Hbe Hat Hthe Hinterval Hlevel Hof Hmeasurement H(Gray Het Hal., H2017;
HWaltz Het Hal., H2017).
5. H Were Hnonparametric Hor Hparametric Hanalysis Htechniques Hused Hto Hanalyze Hthe HCDS
Hscores Hfor H the Hcardiac H patients H in H this H study? H Provide H a H rationale H for H your H answer.
Answer: HParametric Hstatistics, Hsuch Has Hmean Hand HSD, Hwere Hconducted Hto Hdescribe HCDS
Hscores H for Hstudy Hparticipants H(see HTable H1). HCDS Hscores Hare Hinterval-level Hdata Has Hindicated
Hin HQuestions H5, Hso Hparametric Hstatistics Hare Happropriate Hfor Hthis Hlevel Hof Hdata H(Gray Het Hal.,
H2017; HKim H& HMallory, H2017).
7. H Is Hthe Hprevalence Hof Hdepression Hlinked Hto Hthe HNYHA Hclass? HDiscuss Hthe Hclinical
H importance H of H this Hresult.
Answer: HThe Hstudy Hnarrative Hindicated Hthat Hthe Hprevalence Hof Hdepression Hincreased Hwith
Hthe Hgreater HNYHA Hclass. HIn HNYHA Hclass HIII, H64% Hof Hthe Hsubjects Hwere Hdepressed, Hwhereas
H11% Hof Hthe Hsubjects Hwere Hdepressed Hin HNYHA Hclass HI. HThus, Has Hthe HNYHA Hclass Hincreased,
Hthe Hnumber Hof Hsub- Hjects Hwith Hdepression Hincreased. HThis His Han Hexpected Hfinding Hbecause Has
Hthe HNYHA Hclass Hincreases, Hcardiac Hpatients Hhave Hmore Hsevere Hphysical Hsymptoms, Hwhich
Husually Hresult Hin Hemotional Hdistress, Hsuch Has Hdepression. HNurses Hneed Hto Hactively Hassess
Hcardiac Hpatients Hfor Hdepression, Hespecially Hthose H in Hhigher HNYHA Hclasses, Hso Hthey Hmight
Hbe Hdiagnosed Hand Htreated Has Hneeded.
8. H What Hfrequency Hand Hpercent Hof Hcardiac Hpatients Hin Hthis Hstudy Hwere Hnot Hbeing
H treated Hwith Han Hantidepressant? HShow Hyour Hcalculations Hand Hround Hyour Hanswer Hto
H the H nearest H whole H percent H (%).
Answer: H A H total H of H 106 H cardiac H patients H participated H in H this H study. H The H sample
H included H 15 H patients H who H were H receiving H an H antidepressant H (see H Table H 1). H The
H number H of H cardiac Hpatients H not H treated H for H depression H was H 91 H (106 H – H 15 H = H91).
H The H group H percent H is H calculated Hby H the H following H formula: H (group H frequency H ÷
Htotal H sample H size) H × H100%. H For H this H study, H(91 H patients H ÷ H106 H sample H size) H ×
H100% H = H0.858 H × H100% H = H85.8% H = H86%. H The H final Hanswer H is H rounded H to H the
H nearest H whole H percent H as H directed H in H the H question. H You H could H have Halso Hsubtracted
Hthe H14% Hof Hpatients Htreated Hwith Hantidepressants Hfrom H100% Hand Hobtained Hthe H86% Hwho
Hwere Hnot Htreated Hwith Han Hantidepressant.
t. H What Hwas Hthe Hpurpose Hof Hthe H5-minute Hwalk Htest H(5MWT)? HWould Hthe H5MWT Hbe
H useful H in H clinical H practice?
Answer: HHa Het Hal. H(2018) Hstated, H―The H6-min Hwalk Htest H(6MWT) His Ha Hmeasure Hof Hthe
Hsubmaximal, Hsteady-state Hfunctional Hcapacity‖ Hof Hcardiac Hpatients. HThis Htest Hwould Hbe Ha
Hquick, Heasy Hway Hto Hdetermine H a H cardiac H patient’s H functional H status H in H a H clinical
H setting. H This H functional H status Hscore H could H be H used H to H determine H the H treatment H plan
H to H promote H or H maintain H functional H status Hof Hcardiac Hpatients.
, Answer HGuidelines Hfor HQuestions Hto HBe HGraded AG H1-3
10. H How Hwas Hexercise Hconfidence Hmeasured Hin Hthis Hstudy? HWhat Hwas Hthe Hlevel Hof
Hmeasurement H for H the H exercise H confidence H variable H in H this H study? H Provide H a H rationale
H for H your H answer. H Answer: HExercise Hconfidence Hof Hthe Hpatients Hwith Hheart Hfailure H(HF) Hin
Hthis Hstudy Hwas Hmeasured Hwith Hthe HExercise HConfidence HScale Hthat Hincluded Hfour Hsubscales
Hfocused Hon Hwalking, Hclimbing, Hlifting Hobjects Hof Hgraded Hweight, Hand Hrunning H(see Hthe
Hstudy Hnarrative). HThis Hwas Ha Hrating Hscale Hwith Hvalues Hranging Hfrom H0 Hto H100. HThe Hpatients’
Hscores Hfor Hthe HTotal HExercise HConfidence Hscale Hand Hthe Hsubscales Hwere Hconsidered
Hinterval-level Hdata Hand Hanalyzed Hwith Hparametric Hstatistics, Hsuch Has Hmeans Hand HSDs H(see
Hthe Hstudy Hnarrative; HWaltz Het Hal., H2017).
