Chapter z01: zBasic zTerms zand zConcepts zof zMechanical zVentilation
Cairo: zPilbeam’s zMechanical zVentilation: zPhysiological zand zClinical zApplications,
z6th zEdition
MULTIPLE zCHOICE
1. The zbody’s zmechanism zfor zconducting zair zin zand zout zof zthe zlungs zis zknown zas
zwhich zof zthe zfollowing? z
a. External zrespiration z
b. Internal zrespiration z
c. Spontaneous zventilation z
d. Mechanical zventilation z
ANS: zC
The zconduction zof zair zin zand zout zof zthe zbody zis zknown zas zventilation. zSince zthe
zquestion zasks zfor zthe zbody’s zmechanism, zthis zwould zbe zspontaneous zventilation.
zExternal zrespiration zinvolves zthe zexchange zof zoxygen z(O2) zand zcarbon zdioxide z(CO2)
zbetween zthe zalveoli zand zthe zpulmonary zcapillaries. zInternal zrespiration zoccurs zat zthe
zcellular zlevel zand zinvolves zmovement zof zoxygen zfrom zthe zsystemic zblood zinto zthe
zcells.
REF: z zpg. z2
2. Which zof zthe zfollowing zare zinvolved zin zexternal zrespiration? z
a. Red zblood zcells zand zbody zcells z
b. Scalenes zand ztrapezius zmuscles z
c. Alveoli zand zpulmonary zcapillaries z
d. External zoblique zand ztransverse zabdominal zmuscles z
ANS: zC
External zrespiration zinvolves zthe zexchange zof zoxygen zand zcarbon zdioxide z(CO2)
zbetween zthe zalveoli zand zthe zpulmonary zcapillaries. zInternal zrespiration zoccurs zat zthe
zcellular zlevel zand zinvolves zmovement zof zoxygen zfrom zthe zsystemic zblood zinto zthe
zcells. zScalene zand ztrapezius zmuscles zare zaccessory zmuscles zof zinspiration. zExternal
zoblique zand ztransverse zabdominal zmuscles zare zaccessory zmuscles zof zexpiration.
REF: z zpg. z2
3. The zgraph zthat zshows zintrapleural zpressure zchanges zduring znormal zspontaneous
zbreathing zis zdepicted zby zwhich zof zthe zfollowing?
a.
, b.
c.
d.
ANS: zB
During zspontaneous zbreathing, zthe zintrapleural zpressure zdrops zfrom zabout z5 zcm zH2O
zat zend-expiration zto zabout z10 zcm zH2O zat zend-inspiration. zThe zgraph zdepicted zfor
zanswer zB zshows zthat zchange zfrom z5 zcm zH2O zto z10 zcm zH2O.
REF: z zpg. z3
4. During zspontaneous zinspiration zalveolar zpressure z(PA) zis zabout: z________________. z
a. 1 zcm zH2O z
b. +1 zcm zH2O z
c. 0 zcm zH2O z
d. 5 zcm zH2O z
ANS: zA
1 zcm zH2O zis zthe zlowest zalveolar zpressure zwill zbecome zduring znormal zspontaneous
zventilation. zDuring zthe zexhalation zof za znormal zspontaneous zbreath zthe zalveolar
zpressure zwill zbecome z1 zcm zH2O.
REF: z zpg. z4
5. The zpressure zrequired zto zmaintain zalveolar zinflation zis zknown zas zwhich zof zthe
zfollowing? z
a. Transairway zpressure z(PTA) z
b. Transthoracic zpressure z(PTT) z
c. Transrespiratory zpressure z(PTR) z
d. Transpulmonary zpressure z(PL) z
ANS: zD
, The zdefinition zof ztranspulmonary zpressure z(PL) zis zthe zpressure zrequired zto zmaintain
zalveolar zinflation. zTransairway zpressure z(PTA) zis zthe zpressure zgradient zrequired zto
zproduce zairflow zin zthe zconducting ztubes. zTransrespiratory zpressure z(PTR) zis zthe zpressure
zto zinflate zthe zlungs zand zairways zduring zpositive-pressure zventilation. zTransthoracic
zpressure z(PTT) zrepresents zthe zpressure zrequired zto zexpand zor zcontract zthe zlungs zand zthe
zchest zwall zat zthe zsame ztime.
REF: z zpg. z4
6. Calculate zthe zpressure zneeded zto zovercome zairway zresistance zduring zpositive-pressure
zventilation zwhen zthe zproximal zairway zpressure z(PAw) zis z35 zcm zH2O zand zthe zalveolar
zpressure z(PA) zis z5 zcm zH2O. z
a. 7 zcm zH2O z
b. 30 zcm zH2O z
c. 40 zcm zH2O z
d. 175 zcm zH2O z
ANS: zB
The ztransairway zpressure z(PTA) zis zused zto zcalculate zthe zpressure zrequired zto zovercome
zairway zresistance zduring zmechanical zventilation. zThis zformula zis zPTA z= zPaw z- zPA.
REF: z zpg. z4
7. The zterm zused zto zdescribe zthe ztendency zof za zstructure zto zreturn zto zits zoriginal zform
zafter zbeing zstretched zor zacted zon zby zan zoutside zforce zis zwhich zof zthe zfollowing? z
a. Elastance z
b. Compliance z
c. Viscous zresistance z
d. Distending zpressure z
ANS: zA
The zelastance zof za zstructure zis zthe ztendency zof zthat zstructure zto zreturn zto zits zoriginal
zshape zafter zbeing zstretched. zThe zmore zelastance za zstructure zhas, zthe zmore zdifficult zit zis
zto zstretch. zThe zcompliance zof za zstructure zis zthe zease zwith zwhich zthe zstructure zdistends
zor zstretches. zCompliance zis zthe zopposite zof zelastance. zViscous zresistance zis zthe
zopposition zto zmovement zoffered zby zadjacent zstructures zsuch zas zthe zlungs zand ztheir
zadjacent zorgans. zDistending zpressure zis zpressure zrequired zto zmaintain zinflation, zfor
zexample, zalveolar zdistending zpressure.
REF: z zpg. z5
8. Calculate zthe zpressure zrequired zto zachieve za ztidal zvolume zof z400 zmL zfor zan
zintubated zpatient zwith za zrespiratory zsystem zcompliance zof z15 zmL/cm zH2O. z
a. 6 zcm zH2O z
b. 26.7 zcm zH2O z
c. 37.5 zcm zH2O z
d. 41.5 zcm zH2O z
ANS: zB
C z= z zV/ zP zthen z zP z= z zV/ zC
, REF: z zpg.
z5
Cairo: zPilbeam’s zMechanical zVentilation: zPhysiological zand zClinical zApplications,
z6th zEdition
MULTIPLE zCHOICE
1. The zbody’s zmechanism zfor zconducting zair zin zand zout zof zthe zlungs zis zknown zas
zwhich zof zthe zfollowing? z
a. External zrespiration z
b. Internal zrespiration z
c. Spontaneous zventilation z
d. Mechanical zventilation z
ANS: zC
The zconduction zof zair zin zand zout zof zthe zbody zis zknown zas zventilation. zSince zthe
zquestion zasks zfor zthe zbody’s zmechanism, zthis zwould zbe zspontaneous zventilation.
zExternal zrespiration zinvolves zthe zexchange zof zoxygen z(O2) zand zcarbon zdioxide z(CO2)
zbetween zthe zalveoli zand zthe zpulmonary zcapillaries. zInternal zrespiration zoccurs zat zthe
zcellular zlevel zand zinvolves zmovement zof zoxygen zfrom zthe zsystemic zblood zinto zthe
zcells.
REF: z zpg. z2
2. Which zof zthe zfollowing zare zinvolved zin zexternal zrespiration? z
a. Red zblood zcells zand zbody zcells z
b. Scalenes zand ztrapezius zmuscles z
c. Alveoli zand zpulmonary zcapillaries z
d. External zoblique zand ztransverse zabdominal zmuscles z
ANS: zC
External zrespiration zinvolves zthe zexchange zof zoxygen zand zcarbon zdioxide z(CO2)
zbetween zthe zalveoli zand zthe zpulmonary zcapillaries. zInternal zrespiration zoccurs zat zthe
zcellular zlevel zand zinvolves zmovement zof zoxygen zfrom zthe zsystemic zblood zinto zthe
zcells. zScalene zand ztrapezius zmuscles zare zaccessory zmuscles zof zinspiration. zExternal
zoblique zand ztransverse zabdominal zmuscles zare zaccessory zmuscles zof zexpiration.
REF: z zpg. z2
3. The zgraph zthat zshows zintrapleural zpressure zchanges zduring znormal zspontaneous
zbreathing zis zdepicted zby zwhich zof zthe zfollowing?
a.
, b.
c.
d.
ANS: zB
During zspontaneous zbreathing, zthe zintrapleural zpressure zdrops zfrom zabout z5 zcm zH2O
zat zend-expiration zto zabout z10 zcm zH2O zat zend-inspiration. zThe zgraph zdepicted zfor
zanswer zB zshows zthat zchange zfrom z5 zcm zH2O zto z10 zcm zH2O.
REF: z zpg. z3
4. During zspontaneous zinspiration zalveolar zpressure z(PA) zis zabout: z________________. z
a. 1 zcm zH2O z
b. +1 zcm zH2O z
c. 0 zcm zH2O z
d. 5 zcm zH2O z
ANS: zA
1 zcm zH2O zis zthe zlowest zalveolar zpressure zwill zbecome zduring znormal zspontaneous
zventilation. zDuring zthe zexhalation zof za znormal zspontaneous zbreath zthe zalveolar
zpressure zwill zbecome z1 zcm zH2O.
REF: z zpg. z4
5. The zpressure zrequired zto zmaintain zalveolar zinflation zis zknown zas zwhich zof zthe
zfollowing? z
a. Transairway zpressure z(PTA) z
b. Transthoracic zpressure z(PTT) z
c. Transrespiratory zpressure z(PTR) z
d. Transpulmonary zpressure z(PL) z
ANS: zD
, The zdefinition zof ztranspulmonary zpressure z(PL) zis zthe zpressure zrequired zto zmaintain
zalveolar zinflation. zTransairway zpressure z(PTA) zis zthe zpressure zgradient zrequired zto
zproduce zairflow zin zthe zconducting ztubes. zTransrespiratory zpressure z(PTR) zis zthe zpressure
zto zinflate zthe zlungs zand zairways zduring zpositive-pressure zventilation. zTransthoracic
zpressure z(PTT) zrepresents zthe zpressure zrequired zto zexpand zor zcontract zthe zlungs zand zthe
zchest zwall zat zthe zsame ztime.
REF: z zpg. z4
6. Calculate zthe zpressure zneeded zto zovercome zairway zresistance zduring zpositive-pressure
zventilation zwhen zthe zproximal zairway zpressure z(PAw) zis z35 zcm zH2O zand zthe zalveolar
zpressure z(PA) zis z5 zcm zH2O. z
a. 7 zcm zH2O z
b. 30 zcm zH2O z
c. 40 zcm zH2O z
d. 175 zcm zH2O z
ANS: zB
The ztransairway zpressure z(PTA) zis zused zto zcalculate zthe zpressure zrequired zto zovercome
zairway zresistance zduring zmechanical zventilation. zThis zformula zis zPTA z= zPaw z- zPA.
REF: z zpg. z4
7. The zterm zused zto zdescribe zthe ztendency zof za zstructure zto zreturn zto zits zoriginal zform
zafter zbeing zstretched zor zacted zon zby zan zoutside zforce zis zwhich zof zthe zfollowing? z
a. Elastance z
b. Compliance z
c. Viscous zresistance z
d. Distending zpressure z
ANS: zA
The zelastance zof za zstructure zis zthe ztendency zof zthat zstructure zto zreturn zto zits zoriginal
zshape zafter zbeing zstretched. zThe zmore zelastance za zstructure zhas, zthe zmore zdifficult zit zis
zto zstretch. zThe zcompliance zof za zstructure zis zthe zease zwith zwhich zthe zstructure zdistends
zor zstretches. zCompliance zis zthe zopposite zof zelastance. zViscous zresistance zis zthe
zopposition zto zmovement zoffered zby zadjacent zstructures zsuch zas zthe zlungs zand ztheir
zadjacent zorgans. zDistending zpressure zis zpressure zrequired zto zmaintain zinflation, zfor
zexample, zalveolar zdistending zpressure.
REF: z zpg. z5
8. Calculate zthe zpressure zrequired zto zachieve za ztidal zvolume zof z400 zmL zfor zan
zintubated zpatient zwith za zrespiratory zsystem zcompliance zof z15 zmL/cm zH2O. z
a. 6 zcm zH2O z
b. 26.7 zcm zH2O z
c. 37.5 zcm zH2O z
d. 41.5 zcm zH2O z
ANS: zB
C z= z zV/ zP zthen z zP z= z zV/ zC
, REF: z zpg.
z5
