CPN Study Questions and Answers 1-100
. Diuretic medications are used to manage edema in pediatric patients with heart failure. Which
of the following medications is NOT a diuretic medication?
A. Furosemide (Lasix).
B. Enalapril (Vasotec).
C. Spironolactone (Aldactone).
D. Bumetanide (Bumex). - ansB: Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and is not a diuretic.
Furosemide, spironolactone, and bumetanide are commonly-used diuretics
***A patient is experiencing dizziness, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and nausea caused by
encephalitis. Which of the following descriptions most accurately describes the patient's
condition?***
A. metabolic acidosis
B. respiratory alkalosis
C. metabolic alkalosis
D. respiratory acidosis - ansB: Respiratory alkalosis results from hyperventilation, during which extra CO2 is
excreted,
causing a decrease in carbonic acid (H2CO3) concentration in the plasma. Symptoms include
tachycardia, arrhythmias, lightheadedness, nausea, and vomiting.
***Which of the following patients will likely need surgical correction of his/her fracture?***
A. 10-year-old with humeral head fracture.
B. 5-year-old with tuft fracture of the distal phalanx.
C. 4-year-old with tuft fracture of the toe.
D. 16-year-old with radial head fracture. - ansA: Humeral head fractures usually need open reduction and
internal fixation to maintain
proper future functioning. Distal phalanx and toe fractures are treated with splints and fracture of
,the radial head with a sling.
10-year-old is accidentally shot in the forearm by a small caliber firearm. The wound enters the
dorsum of the forearm and exits on the ventral side. The patient is ambulatory and has minor
pain at the site. What test is likely needed for evaluation of the injury?
A. Arteriogram.
B. CT of arm.
C. MRI of arm.
D. Ultrasound of arm - ansA: An arteriogram is needed to assess the vascular supply in the arm after a gunshot
wound
to ensure that no injury to the ulnar and radial artery has occurred.
10-year-old male with sickle cell disease comes into the ED complaining of pain in his legs due
to a vaso-occlusive crisis. In addition to IV fluids, what is the other initial treatment for this
client?
A. Elevate legs.
B. Ace wrap to legs.
C. Nitroglycerine paste.
D. Pain medication. - ansD: In addition to IV fluids, the other primary initial treatment for sickle cell crisis
resulting
in vascular occlusion is pain medication because pain is often severe. Other treatments include
oxygen, hydroxyurea (anti-sickling medication), blood transfusions if anemia is pronounced, and
antibiotics if the crisis was triggered by an infection.
14-year-old male with renal failure is given an arteriovenous fistula (shunt) for future dialysis.
How does the nurse assess the shunt post-operatively for patency?
A. Assess for bruit and thrill.
,B. Monitor blood pressure on that arm.
C. Ease of venipuncture at shunt site.
D. Rate of flow during dialysis. - ansA: The patency of an AV shunt is assured by assessing for bruit and thrill.
Continuous wave
Doppler ultrasound can also assess patency. Venipuncture and blood pressure measurements
should never be done on the arm with an AV shunt.
A 12-year-old female immigrant from the Philippines has a positive PPD (Mantoux) skin test.
What vaccine given routinely in her native country can cause false positive PPD tests?
A. Varicella.
B. Yellow fever.
C. Influenza.
D. BCG. - ansD: BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) is a tuberculosis vaccine routinely administered to
children in countries with high incidences of childhood tuberculous meningitis. PPD can show false
positive although PPD may still be used. QuantiFERON-TB®-TB Gold test is not affected by prior
BCG vaccination
A 13-year-old female has the development of breast buds and sparse long, downy pubic hair.
What Tanner stage does this development suggest?
A. Tanner 1.
B. Tanner 2.
C. Tanner 3.
D. Tanner 4. - ansB: Breast buds and sparse downy pubic hair are characteristics of Tanner stage 2. Tanner's
5 stages assess maturity of both males and females based on direct observation of breasts and
genitals. Females are evaluated on breast development, onset of menses, and pubic hair
distribution. Males are evaluation on penis and testes development and pubic hair distribution
, A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with Clostridium difficile colitis. What is the most probable
cause of this infection?
A. Recent antibiotic use.
B. Travel to Central America.
C. Drinking from a stream.
D. Eating undercooked pork - ansA: The most common cause for C. difficile colitis is recent antibiotic use that
disrupts the
normal colonic flora, allowing overgrowth of the offending bacteria. C. difficile produces a lethal
cytotoxin (Toxin B) and an endotoxin with cytotoxic action (Toxin A), which cause fluid to
accumulate in the colon and severe damage to mucous membranes.
A 14-year-old boy with leukemia is receiving an IV infusion of packed red blood cells. The client
reports that he is feeling anxious and short of breath even though his respiratory rate is 24.
What should the nurse do in this situation?
A. Give a dose of ibuprofen (Motrin).
B. Give a dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol).
C. Give a dose of diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
D. Stop infusion and notify physician. - ansD: Anxiety and the sensation of breathlessness are signs of possible
anaphylactic shock, a
reaction to the packed red blood cells, so the nurse should stop the infusion immediately and notify
the physician.
A 14-year-old male is suspected of having infectious mononucleosis. What Point of Care Testing
(POCT) device can be used to confirm this diagnosis?
A. Urine dip.
B. Monospot.
C. Rapid strep test.
. Diuretic medications are used to manage edema in pediatric patients with heart failure. Which
of the following medications is NOT a diuretic medication?
A. Furosemide (Lasix).
B. Enalapril (Vasotec).
C. Spironolactone (Aldactone).
D. Bumetanide (Bumex). - ansB: Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and is not a diuretic.
Furosemide, spironolactone, and bumetanide are commonly-used diuretics
***A patient is experiencing dizziness, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and nausea caused by
encephalitis. Which of the following descriptions most accurately describes the patient's
condition?***
A. metabolic acidosis
B. respiratory alkalosis
C. metabolic alkalosis
D. respiratory acidosis - ansB: Respiratory alkalosis results from hyperventilation, during which extra CO2 is
excreted,
causing a decrease in carbonic acid (H2CO3) concentration in the plasma. Symptoms include
tachycardia, arrhythmias, lightheadedness, nausea, and vomiting.
***Which of the following patients will likely need surgical correction of his/her fracture?***
A. 10-year-old with humeral head fracture.
B. 5-year-old with tuft fracture of the distal phalanx.
C. 4-year-old with tuft fracture of the toe.
D. 16-year-old with radial head fracture. - ansA: Humeral head fractures usually need open reduction and
internal fixation to maintain
proper future functioning. Distal phalanx and toe fractures are treated with splints and fracture of
,the radial head with a sling.
10-year-old is accidentally shot in the forearm by a small caliber firearm. The wound enters the
dorsum of the forearm and exits on the ventral side. The patient is ambulatory and has minor
pain at the site. What test is likely needed for evaluation of the injury?
A. Arteriogram.
B. CT of arm.
C. MRI of arm.
D. Ultrasound of arm - ansA: An arteriogram is needed to assess the vascular supply in the arm after a gunshot
wound
to ensure that no injury to the ulnar and radial artery has occurred.
10-year-old male with sickle cell disease comes into the ED complaining of pain in his legs due
to a vaso-occlusive crisis. In addition to IV fluids, what is the other initial treatment for this
client?
A. Elevate legs.
B. Ace wrap to legs.
C. Nitroglycerine paste.
D. Pain medication. - ansD: In addition to IV fluids, the other primary initial treatment for sickle cell crisis
resulting
in vascular occlusion is pain medication because pain is often severe. Other treatments include
oxygen, hydroxyurea (anti-sickling medication), blood transfusions if anemia is pronounced, and
antibiotics if the crisis was triggered by an infection.
14-year-old male with renal failure is given an arteriovenous fistula (shunt) for future dialysis.
How does the nurse assess the shunt post-operatively for patency?
A. Assess for bruit and thrill.
,B. Monitor blood pressure on that arm.
C. Ease of venipuncture at shunt site.
D. Rate of flow during dialysis. - ansA: The patency of an AV shunt is assured by assessing for bruit and thrill.
Continuous wave
Doppler ultrasound can also assess patency. Venipuncture and blood pressure measurements
should never be done on the arm with an AV shunt.
A 12-year-old female immigrant from the Philippines has a positive PPD (Mantoux) skin test.
What vaccine given routinely in her native country can cause false positive PPD tests?
A. Varicella.
B. Yellow fever.
C. Influenza.
D. BCG. - ansD: BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) is a tuberculosis vaccine routinely administered to
children in countries with high incidences of childhood tuberculous meningitis. PPD can show false
positive although PPD may still be used. QuantiFERON-TB®-TB Gold test is not affected by prior
BCG vaccination
A 13-year-old female has the development of breast buds and sparse long, downy pubic hair.
What Tanner stage does this development suggest?
A. Tanner 1.
B. Tanner 2.
C. Tanner 3.
D. Tanner 4. - ansB: Breast buds and sparse downy pubic hair are characteristics of Tanner stage 2. Tanner's
5 stages assess maturity of both males and females based on direct observation of breasts and
genitals. Females are evaluated on breast development, onset of menses, and pubic hair
distribution. Males are evaluation on penis and testes development and pubic hair distribution
, A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with Clostridium difficile colitis. What is the most probable
cause of this infection?
A. Recent antibiotic use.
B. Travel to Central America.
C. Drinking from a stream.
D. Eating undercooked pork - ansA: The most common cause for C. difficile colitis is recent antibiotic use that
disrupts the
normal colonic flora, allowing overgrowth of the offending bacteria. C. difficile produces a lethal
cytotoxin (Toxin B) and an endotoxin with cytotoxic action (Toxin A), which cause fluid to
accumulate in the colon and severe damage to mucous membranes.
A 14-year-old boy with leukemia is receiving an IV infusion of packed red blood cells. The client
reports that he is feeling anxious and short of breath even though his respiratory rate is 24.
What should the nurse do in this situation?
A. Give a dose of ibuprofen (Motrin).
B. Give a dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol).
C. Give a dose of diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
D. Stop infusion and notify physician. - ansD: Anxiety and the sensation of breathlessness are signs of possible
anaphylactic shock, a
reaction to the packed red blood cells, so the nurse should stop the infusion immediately and notify
the physician.
A 14-year-old male is suspected of having infectious mononucleosis. What Point of Care Testing
(POCT) device can be used to confirm this diagnosis?
A. Urine dip.
B. Monospot.
C. Rapid strep test.
