Pathophysiology Exam 2 Practice Test 2025
A 24-year-old male presents with emphysema. He has never smoked and does not get much exposure to
secondhand smoke. What is the name of the hereditary disease that may be responsible for his emphysema?
A. Intrinsic asthma
B. 1-Antitrypsin deficiency
C. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
D. Pulmonary fibrosis - ansB. 1-Antitrypsin deficiency
A blood test is used to identify patients with heart failure includes which of the following?
A. Echocardiogram
B. BNP
C. Chest x-ray film
D. ANP - ansB. BNP
A common radiologic diagnostic manifestation of fibrotic restrictive disease is the appearance of:
A. distended fibrotic alveoli
B. a honeycomb lung
C. enlargement and destruction of acini
D. constrictive bronchi - ansB. a honeycomb lung.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which of the following clinical manifestations
would the nurse not expect the client to exhibit?
A. Crackles in lungs
B. Cough
C. Peripheral edema
D. Dyspnea - ansC. Peripheral edema
,A patient with an acute MI who is given a drug to lyse the clot in the coronary artery suddenly develops serious
arrhythmias once circulation is restored. What is the best explanation for this phenomenon?
A. The patient has developed cardiogenic shock.
B. There is an increase in oxygen demand once circulation is restored.
C. The return of perfusion resulted in reperfusion injury
D. Emergency drugs given during resuscitation did not circulate to the heart until the clot was lysed - ansC. The
return of perfusion resulted in reperfusion injury
A patient with heart failure complains of awakening intermittently during the night with shortness of breath.
Which of the following terms is appropriate for this clinical manifestation?
A. Dyspnea
B. Orthopnea
C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D. Cyanosis - ansC. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Abnnormal fluid accumulations in the pleural space affect the lung function by causing:
A. hyperresonance, severe tachycardia, and hypotension.
B. dyspnea, pleuritic pain, dry cough, and decreased tactile fremitus.
C. nasal flaring, expiratory grunting, and rapid shallow breathing
D. dyspnea, inflammation, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes. - ansB. dyspnea, pleuritic pain, dry cough, and
decreased tactile fremitus
Abnormal vascular regulation by endothelial cells in small vessels of the heart contributes to:
A. truncus arteriosus
B. hypertension
C. dysrhythmias
D. ischemic heart disease. - ansD. ischemic heart disease.
, Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in shock causes:
A. vasodilation
B. Fluid retention
C. Sodium shifts
D. Glucogenesis - ansB. Fluid retention
Areas of the lung that have little ventilation and thus little oxygen will cause the blood vessels of that area to
A. vasoconstrict
B. vasodilate
C. remain the same
D. clot off - ansA. vasoconstrict
At what age is the lung fully developed?
A. 15
B. 10
C. 8
D. 5 - ansC. 8
Atherosclerosis predisposes to a number of processes, precipitating myocardial ischemia. These processes
include:
A. coronary dilation
B. thrombus formation
C. hemorrhage
D. ventricular dysrhythmia - ansB. thrombus formation
Carbon dioxide diffuses faster than oxygen; therefore problems with diffusion often affect the levels of ____
first.
A 24-year-old male presents with emphysema. He has never smoked and does not get much exposure to
secondhand smoke. What is the name of the hereditary disease that may be responsible for his emphysema?
A. Intrinsic asthma
B. 1-Antitrypsin deficiency
C. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
D. Pulmonary fibrosis - ansB. 1-Antitrypsin deficiency
A blood test is used to identify patients with heart failure includes which of the following?
A. Echocardiogram
B. BNP
C. Chest x-ray film
D. ANP - ansB. BNP
A common radiologic diagnostic manifestation of fibrotic restrictive disease is the appearance of:
A. distended fibrotic alveoli
B. a honeycomb lung
C. enlargement and destruction of acini
D. constrictive bronchi - ansB. a honeycomb lung.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which of the following clinical manifestations
would the nurse not expect the client to exhibit?
A. Crackles in lungs
B. Cough
C. Peripheral edema
D. Dyspnea - ansC. Peripheral edema
,A patient with an acute MI who is given a drug to lyse the clot in the coronary artery suddenly develops serious
arrhythmias once circulation is restored. What is the best explanation for this phenomenon?
A. The patient has developed cardiogenic shock.
B. There is an increase in oxygen demand once circulation is restored.
C. The return of perfusion resulted in reperfusion injury
D. Emergency drugs given during resuscitation did not circulate to the heart until the clot was lysed - ansC. The
return of perfusion resulted in reperfusion injury
A patient with heart failure complains of awakening intermittently during the night with shortness of breath.
Which of the following terms is appropriate for this clinical manifestation?
A. Dyspnea
B. Orthopnea
C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D. Cyanosis - ansC. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Abnnormal fluid accumulations in the pleural space affect the lung function by causing:
A. hyperresonance, severe tachycardia, and hypotension.
B. dyspnea, pleuritic pain, dry cough, and decreased tactile fremitus.
C. nasal flaring, expiratory grunting, and rapid shallow breathing
D. dyspnea, inflammation, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes. - ansB. dyspnea, pleuritic pain, dry cough, and
decreased tactile fremitus
Abnormal vascular regulation by endothelial cells in small vessels of the heart contributes to:
A. truncus arteriosus
B. hypertension
C. dysrhythmias
D. ischemic heart disease. - ansD. ischemic heart disease.
, Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in shock causes:
A. vasodilation
B. Fluid retention
C. Sodium shifts
D. Glucogenesis - ansB. Fluid retention
Areas of the lung that have little ventilation and thus little oxygen will cause the blood vessels of that area to
A. vasoconstrict
B. vasodilate
C. remain the same
D. clot off - ansA. vasoconstrict
At what age is the lung fully developed?
A. 15
B. 10
C. 8
D. 5 - ansC. 8
Atherosclerosis predisposes to a number of processes, precipitating myocardial ischemia. These processes
include:
A. coronary dilation
B. thrombus formation
C. hemorrhage
D. ventricular dysrhythmia - ansB. thrombus formation
Carbon dioxide diffuses faster than oxygen; therefore problems with diffusion often affect the levels of ____
first.
