Pathophysiology HESI: Key Words 2025
a. aa - ansIf a patient has a recessive trait, which of the following is the genotype of this patient?
a. aa
b. AA
c. Aa
d. aA
a. Allogenic transplant - ansIf I get a kidney transplant from my sister, what is it called?
a. Allogenic transplant
b. 'Gift of Life'
c. Autologous transplant
d. peripheral stem cell transplant
a. Apoptosis - ansNormal cells commit suicide. Which of the following is the term for this cellular
suicide?
a. Apoptosis
b. Anaplasia
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Suppressor genes
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles - ansA 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a
prolonged period of bed rest. This is most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles
,a. Bug in ear - ansWhich of the following could produce conductive hearing loss?
a. Bug in ear
b. Removal of dry cerumen
c. Disease of cochlear system
d. Listening to iPod set at '10'
a. Cancer cells produce an enzyme that robs normal cells of nutrients - ansWhy do patients with advanced
cancer develop cachexia?
a. Cancer cells produce an enzyme that robs normal cells of nutrients
b. They lack an adequate number of normal cells to support metabolism
c. They have an increased basal metabolic rate
d. The process of cancer cell destruction utilizes most of the body's nutrients
a. Cardiogenic - ansWhich kind of shock is NOT characterized by vasodilation and peripheral pooling
of blood?
a. Cardiogenic
b. Septic
c. Anaphylactic
d. Neurogenic
a. Chronic disease - ansWhat causes a shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve to the right?
a. Chronic disease.
b. Increased pH
c. Decreased H+ ions
d. Decreased temperature
a. Coarctation of the aorta - ansWhich of the following is NOT an endocrine disorder that causes elevated BP?
,a. Coarctation of the aorta
b. Cushing syndrome
c. Acromegaly
d. Pheochomocytoma
a. Decreased perfusion of the kidney - ansThe renin-angiotensisn system (RAS) alters blood pressure in
response to:
a. Decreased perfusion of the kidney
b. Decreased flow to the brain
c. Decreased perfusion to the arm
d. Decreased perfusion to the liver
a. duplication - ansWhich of the following chromosomal abnormalities has been linked with Down Syndrome?
a. Translocation
b. Inversion
c. Deletion
d. Duplication
a. Dysplasia - ansWhich type of cellular adaption would create the greatest concern if found on a biopsy
report?
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Atrophy
a. Early detection - ansWhich of the following offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
a. Early detection
, b. Aggressive chemotherapy
c. Adjunct radiation
d. Gene therapy
a. Eating bacon and other cured meats
d. Helicobacter pylori infection - ansWhich of the following may be risk factors associated with the
development of gastric cancer? (select all that apply)
a. Eating bacon and other cured meats
b. Celiac disease
c. Ulcerative colitis
d. Helicobacter pylori infection
e. High carbohydrate diet
a. Filter blood - ansWhat is the function of the glomerulus?
a. Filter blood
b. Activate vitamin D
c. Actively reabsorb glucose
d. Regulate sodium excretion
a. Flulike symptoms and rash - ansWhich of the following is associated with initial HIV infection?
a. Flulike symptoms and rash
b. Decreased CD4 T cells
c. Seroconversion within 3-6 days
d. CD4 T cell count < 200 per mcg/L
a. Foam cells (fatty macrophages) - ansWhat kind of cells are associated with the development of
atherosclerosis?
a. aa - ansIf a patient has a recessive trait, which of the following is the genotype of this patient?
a. aa
b. AA
c. Aa
d. aA
a. Allogenic transplant - ansIf I get a kidney transplant from my sister, what is it called?
a. Allogenic transplant
b. 'Gift of Life'
c. Autologous transplant
d. peripheral stem cell transplant
a. Apoptosis - ansNormal cells commit suicide. Which of the following is the term for this cellular
suicide?
a. Apoptosis
b. Anaplasia
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Suppressor genes
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles - ansA 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a
prolonged period of bed rest. This is most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles
,a. Bug in ear - ansWhich of the following could produce conductive hearing loss?
a. Bug in ear
b. Removal of dry cerumen
c. Disease of cochlear system
d. Listening to iPod set at '10'
a. Cancer cells produce an enzyme that robs normal cells of nutrients - ansWhy do patients with advanced
cancer develop cachexia?
a. Cancer cells produce an enzyme that robs normal cells of nutrients
b. They lack an adequate number of normal cells to support metabolism
c. They have an increased basal metabolic rate
d. The process of cancer cell destruction utilizes most of the body's nutrients
a. Cardiogenic - ansWhich kind of shock is NOT characterized by vasodilation and peripheral pooling
of blood?
a. Cardiogenic
b. Septic
c. Anaphylactic
d. Neurogenic
a. Chronic disease - ansWhat causes a shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve to the right?
a. Chronic disease.
b. Increased pH
c. Decreased H+ ions
d. Decreased temperature
a. Coarctation of the aorta - ansWhich of the following is NOT an endocrine disorder that causes elevated BP?
,a. Coarctation of the aorta
b. Cushing syndrome
c. Acromegaly
d. Pheochomocytoma
a. Decreased perfusion of the kidney - ansThe renin-angiotensisn system (RAS) alters blood pressure in
response to:
a. Decreased perfusion of the kidney
b. Decreased flow to the brain
c. Decreased perfusion to the arm
d. Decreased perfusion to the liver
a. duplication - ansWhich of the following chromosomal abnormalities has been linked with Down Syndrome?
a. Translocation
b. Inversion
c. Deletion
d. Duplication
a. Dysplasia - ansWhich type of cellular adaption would create the greatest concern if found on a biopsy
report?
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Atrophy
a. Early detection - ansWhich of the following offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
a. Early detection
, b. Aggressive chemotherapy
c. Adjunct radiation
d. Gene therapy
a. Eating bacon and other cured meats
d. Helicobacter pylori infection - ansWhich of the following may be risk factors associated with the
development of gastric cancer? (select all that apply)
a. Eating bacon and other cured meats
b. Celiac disease
c. Ulcerative colitis
d. Helicobacter pylori infection
e. High carbohydrate diet
a. Filter blood - ansWhat is the function of the glomerulus?
a. Filter blood
b. Activate vitamin D
c. Actively reabsorb glucose
d. Regulate sodium excretion
a. Flulike symptoms and rash - ansWhich of the following is associated with initial HIV infection?
a. Flulike symptoms and rash
b. Decreased CD4 T cells
c. Seroconversion within 3-6 days
d. CD4 T cell count < 200 per mcg/L
a. Foam cells (fatty macrophages) - ansWhat kind of cells are associated with the development of
atherosclerosis?
