Mutation and DNA repair Review
Questions and Answers
_____ mutations affect only the individual in which they occur; _____
mutations are passed from parent to offspring.
Somatic; germ-line
Germ-line; somatic
Point; germ-line
Somatic; point
Germ-line; heritable - -Somatic; germ-line
- Which of the following statements concerning cancer and mutations is
CORRECT?
None of the other answer options is correct.
Usually, multiple mutations are required in different genes to cause cancer.
Usually, a single mutation is all that is required to cause cancer.
Cancer can only occur with a mutation in a germ cell.
Cancer can only occur with a mutation in a somatic cell. - -Usually, multiple
mutations are required in different genes to cause cancer.
- The definition of mutation is "any heritable change in the genetic
material." The qualifier "heritable" is necessary because:
changes in the genetic material occur at random along the genome.
most changes in the genetic material are repaired soon after they occur.
most changes in the genetic material are harmful to the organism.
changes in the genetic material occur without regard to the needs of the
organism. - -most changes in the genetic material are repaired soon after
they occur.
- The relatively large number of new mutations that occur in the human
genome in each generation is tolerable because:
most of the mutations occur in somatic cells, not germ cells.
compared to other organisms, changes in our proteins have relatively little
effect on our cells' structures and functions.
we have excellent DNA repair mechanisms.
most of our genome is noncoding DNA, so few mutations affect our proteins.
we have excellent protein repair mechanisms. - -most of our genome is
noncoding DNA, so few mutations affect our proteins.
- Point mutations that cause amino acid replacements are called:
, stop mutation.
synonymous (silent) mutation.
nonsynonymous (missense) mutation.
transition mutation.
nonsense mutation. - -nonsynonymous (missense) mutation.
- Any DNA "damage" is considered to be a mutation, even if it is
immediately corrected by the action of DNA polymerase.
True
False - -false
- A point mutation that causes no change in the amino acid sequence of a
protein is called a:
stop mutation.
nonsense mutation.
synonymous (silent) mutation.
nonsynonymous (missense) mutation.
transition mutation. - -synonymous (silent) mutation.
- Insertion of one nucleotide in a gene will lead to a frameshift mutation.
False
True - -true
- When a transposable element inserts into a gene, it can: (Select all that
apply.)
cause the gene to duplicate itself.
interfere with transcription.
cause the gene to delete itself.
disrupt the open reading frame.
cause errors in RNA processing. - -interfere with transcription.
disrupt the open reading frame.
cause errors in RNA processing.
- _____ is the process where new genes evolve from duplicates of old ones.
Duplication and divergence
Deletion
Inversion
Reciprocal translocation
Questions and Answers
_____ mutations affect only the individual in which they occur; _____
mutations are passed from parent to offspring.
Somatic; germ-line
Germ-line; somatic
Point; germ-line
Somatic; point
Germ-line; heritable - -Somatic; germ-line
- Which of the following statements concerning cancer and mutations is
CORRECT?
None of the other answer options is correct.
Usually, multiple mutations are required in different genes to cause cancer.
Usually, a single mutation is all that is required to cause cancer.
Cancer can only occur with a mutation in a germ cell.
Cancer can only occur with a mutation in a somatic cell. - -Usually, multiple
mutations are required in different genes to cause cancer.
- The definition of mutation is "any heritable change in the genetic
material." The qualifier "heritable" is necessary because:
changes in the genetic material occur at random along the genome.
most changes in the genetic material are repaired soon after they occur.
most changes in the genetic material are harmful to the organism.
changes in the genetic material occur without regard to the needs of the
organism. - -most changes in the genetic material are repaired soon after
they occur.
- The relatively large number of new mutations that occur in the human
genome in each generation is tolerable because:
most of the mutations occur in somatic cells, not germ cells.
compared to other organisms, changes in our proteins have relatively little
effect on our cells' structures and functions.
we have excellent DNA repair mechanisms.
most of our genome is noncoding DNA, so few mutations affect our proteins.
we have excellent protein repair mechanisms. - -most of our genome is
noncoding DNA, so few mutations affect our proteins.
- Point mutations that cause amino acid replacements are called:
, stop mutation.
synonymous (silent) mutation.
nonsynonymous (missense) mutation.
transition mutation.
nonsense mutation. - -nonsynonymous (missense) mutation.
- Any DNA "damage" is considered to be a mutation, even if it is
immediately corrected by the action of DNA polymerase.
True
False - -false
- A point mutation that causes no change in the amino acid sequence of a
protein is called a:
stop mutation.
nonsense mutation.
synonymous (silent) mutation.
nonsynonymous (missense) mutation.
transition mutation. - -synonymous (silent) mutation.
- Insertion of one nucleotide in a gene will lead to a frameshift mutation.
False
True - -true
- When a transposable element inserts into a gene, it can: (Select all that
apply.)
cause the gene to duplicate itself.
interfere with transcription.
cause the gene to delete itself.
disrupt the open reading frame.
cause errors in RNA processing. - -interfere with transcription.
disrupt the open reading frame.
cause errors in RNA processing.
- _____ is the process where new genes evolve from duplicates of old ones.
Duplication and divergence
Deletion
Inversion
Reciprocal translocation
