Nur 221 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
With Verified Solutions 100% Correct!!!
What is considered a Normal Blood Pressure?
A normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg.
What is considered Elevated Blood Pressure?
Elevated blood pressure is 120-129 systolic and less than 80 diastolic.
What is Stage 1 Hypertension?
Hypertension Stage 1 is defined as 130-139 systolic and 80-89 diastolic.
What is Stage 2 Hypertension?
Hypertension Stage 2 is when blood pressure is 140 or higher systolic and 90 or
higher diastolic.
What is a Hypertensive Crisis?
A hypertensive crisis is when blood pressure exceeds 180/120, requiring
immediate medical attention.
What tests are used to diagnose Hypertension?
A blood pressure test, an EKG (to check for potential cardiac involvement), and a
chest X-ray (which may show cardiomegaly or enlargement of the heart).
What are the symptoms of Hypertension?
Hypertension is often asymptomatic, which is why it's referred to as the "silent
killer."
,What is the Average American Diet like in relation to Sodium?
The average American diet includes about 15 grams of sodium daily, while the
recommended intake is only 2.4 grams per day. A low-salt diet can often help
manage hypertension without medication.
What are the steps for taking blood pressure?
Rest for 5 minutes before taking a reading.
Wait 1 minute between measurements.
Support the arm at the level of the heart.
Avoid taking blood pressure over clothing.
What is the goal of managing Hypertension?
The goal is to control hypertension and prevent complications such as heart
disease, stroke, and renal disease.
What is the DASH Diet?
The DASH diet focuses on reducing red meat and sweets while cutting back on
foods high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and total fat.
What is Pulse Pressure?
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A
normal pulse pressure is 40 mmHg, and it can exceed 100 mmHg during exercise.
A pulse pressure under 25 mmHg may indicate severe heart failure, and over 60
mmHg can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
What is Orthostatic Hypotension?
Orthostatic hypotension is when blood pressure drops significantly upon standing.
This is measured by comparing blood pressure in the lying, sitting, and standing
positions. A systolic change greater than 20 mmHg or a diastolic change greater
than 10 mmHg is concerning.
,What is Oxygen-Rich Blood?
Oxygen-rich blood enters the heart from the lungs and is then pumped out to the
body.
What is Oxygen-Poor Blood?
Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart from the body and is sent to the lungs for
re-oxygenation.
What is Stroke Volume?
Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped from the heart with each beat.
What is Cardiac Output?
Cardiac output is the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
What is Preload?
Preload refers to the blood volume in the left ventricle immediately before
contraction.
What is Afterload?
Afterload is the resistance the left ventricle must overcome to pump blood.
What is Ejection Fraction?
Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with
each contraction. A normal range is greater than 55%, and a reading under 40% is
often seen in cases of congestive heart failure (CHF).
What is Ischemia?
Ischemia is a reduced blood supply to tissues, leading to a lack of oxygen. Angina,
or chest pain, is commonly caused by ischemia.
, What is Angina?
Angina is chest pain resulting from inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle
(ischemia).
What is Necrosis?
Necrosis is the localized death of tissue due to a loss of oxygenated blood supply.
What is Angina Pectoris?
Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart
(ischemia).
What is a Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, occurs when there is necrosis (death) of
heart muscle tissue.
What is Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
CHF is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the
body's metabolic needs, leading to decreased cardiac output.
What is Left Heart Failure?
In left heart failure, fluid backs up into the lungs, leading to symptoms like
wheezes, crackles, shortness of breath (dyspnea), confusion, restlessness,
tachycardia, and blood-tinged sputum.
What is Right Heart Failure?
In right heart failure, fluid backs up into the body, causing symptoms like jugular
vein distention (JVD), dependent edema, fatigue, ascites, increased peripheral
venous pressure, enlarged liver and spleen, and swelling in the hands and fingers.
With Verified Solutions 100% Correct!!!
What is considered a Normal Blood Pressure?
A normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg.
What is considered Elevated Blood Pressure?
Elevated blood pressure is 120-129 systolic and less than 80 diastolic.
What is Stage 1 Hypertension?
Hypertension Stage 1 is defined as 130-139 systolic and 80-89 diastolic.
What is Stage 2 Hypertension?
Hypertension Stage 2 is when blood pressure is 140 or higher systolic and 90 or
higher diastolic.
What is a Hypertensive Crisis?
A hypertensive crisis is when blood pressure exceeds 180/120, requiring
immediate medical attention.
What tests are used to diagnose Hypertension?
A blood pressure test, an EKG (to check for potential cardiac involvement), and a
chest X-ray (which may show cardiomegaly or enlargement of the heart).
What are the symptoms of Hypertension?
Hypertension is often asymptomatic, which is why it's referred to as the "silent
killer."
,What is the Average American Diet like in relation to Sodium?
The average American diet includes about 15 grams of sodium daily, while the
recommended intake is only 2.4 grams per day. A low-salt diet can often help
manage hypertension without medication.
What are the steps for taking blood pressure?
Rest for 5 minutes before taking a reading.
Wait 1 minute between measurements.
Support the arm at the level of the heart.
Avoid taking blood pressure over clothing.
What is the goal of managing Hypertension?
The goal is to control hypertension and prevent complications such as heart
disease, stroke, and renal disease.
What is the DASH Diet?
The DASH diet focuses on reducing red meat and sweets while cutting back on
foods high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and total fat.
What is Pulse Pressure?
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A
normal pulse pressure is 40 mmHg, and it can exceed 100 mmHg during exercise.
A pulse pressure under 25 mmHg may indicate severe heart failure, and over 60
mmHg can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
What is Orthostatic Hypotension?
Orthostatic hypotension is when blood pressure drops significantly upon standing.
This is measured by comparing blood pressure in the lying, sitting, and standing
positions. A systolic change greater than 20 mmHg or a diastolic change greater
than 10 mmHg is concerning.
,What is Oxygen-Rich Blood?
Oxygen-rich blood enters the heart from the lungs and is then pumped out to the
body.
What is Oxygen-Poor Blood?
Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart from the body and is sent to the lungs for
re-oxygenation.
What is Stroke Volume?
Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped from the heart with each beat.
What is Cardiac Output?
Cardiac output is the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
What is Preload?
Preload refers to the blood volume in the left ventricle immediately before
contraction.
What is Afterload?
Afterload is the resistance the left ventricle must overcome to pump blood.
What is Ejection Fraction?
Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with
each contraction. A normal range is greater than 55%, and a reading under 40% is
often seen in cases of congestive heart failure (CHF).
What is Ischemia?
Ischemia is a reduced blood supply to tissues, leading to a lack of oxygen. Angina,
or chest pain, is commonly caused by ischemia.
, What is Angina?
Angina is chest pain resulting from inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle
(ischemia).
What is Necrosis?
Necrosis is the localized death of tissue due to a loss of oxygenated blood supply.
What is Angina Pectoris?
Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart
(ischemia).
What is a Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, occurs when there is necrosis (death) of
heart muscle tissue.
What is Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
CHF is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the
body's metabolic needs, leading to decreased cardiac output.
What is Left Heart Failure?
In left heart failure, fluid backs up into the lungs, leading to symptoms like
wheezes, crackles, shortness of breath (dyspnea), confusion, restlessness,
tachycardia, and blood-tinged sputum.
What is Right Heart Failure?
In right heart failure, fluid backs up into the body, causing symptoms like jugular
vein distention (JVD), dependent edema, fatigue, ascites, increased peripheral
venous pressure, enlarged liver and spleen, and swelling in the hands and fingers.
