Chapter 2:Anatomy & Physiology
(Key Concept and Definition)
acid - ansany substance that releases a hydrogen ion (H+) when in solution (proton donor)
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ansbroken down to supply energy for anabolism
amino acids - anstype of chemical unit from which proteins are built; also have other functions made up of a
carbon atom to which are bonded an amino group and carboxyl group
anabolism - anschemical reactionns that join simple molecules together to form more complex molecules
atomic number - ansnumber of protons in an atom of an element
atomic weight - ansaverage atomic mass of an atom of an element as it is found in nature; atomic weights are
usually found in the periodic table of elements
atoms - anssmallest particle of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element; particles that
combine to form molecules
base (alkaline) - anselectrolytes that dissociate to yield hydroxide ions (OH-) or other electrolytes that combine
with hydrogen ions
buffers - ansminimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- ;maintain constancy of pH
carbohydrate - ansorganic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; commonly called sugars and
starches
carbon dioxide (CO2) - ansinvolved in cellular respiration; produced as a waste product during the breakdown
of complex nutrients and also serves an important role in maintaining the appropriate acid-base balance in the
, body
catabolism - anschemical reactions that break down complex compounds into simpler ones and release energy
chaperones - ansany of a group of globular proteins that are present in every body cell and direct the
intracellular steps required for other proteins to achieve the often twisted and convoluted shape required for
them to function
chemical bonds - ansenergy relationship joining two or more atoms; involves sharing or exchange of electrons
chemical reaction - ansinteraction between two or more atoms that occurs as a result of activity between
electrons in their outermost energy levels
chemistry - ansscience of the structure and interactions of matter
compounds - anschemical combination of two or more elements
covalent bond - ansformed by sharing of electron pairs between atoms
decay - ansemition of nuclear particles and radiation
decomposition reaction - ansbreaking down of a substance into two or more simpler substances
AB -> A + B
dehydration synthesis - ansanabolic process by which molecules are joined to form larger molecules; often
called condensation reaction because it joins molecules together into a denser mass
denatures - ansto alter the shape of a protein by a change in pH, heat, or some other manner to change its
chemical properties
(Key Concept and Definition)
acid - ansany substance that releases a hydrogen ion (H+) when in solution (proton donor)
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ansbroken down to supply energy for anabolism
amino acids - anstype of chemical unit from which proteins are built; also have other functions made up of a
carbon atom to which are bonded an amino group and carboxyl group
anabolism - anschemical reactionns that join simple molecules together to form more complex molecules
atomic number - ansnumber of protons in an atom of an element
atomic weight - ansaverage atomic mass of an atom of an element as it is found in nature; atomic weights are
usually found in the periodic table of elements
atoms - anssmallest particle of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element; particles that
combine to form molecules
base (alkaline) - anselectrolytes that dissociate to yield hydroxide ions (OH-) or other electrolytes that combine
with hydrogen ions
buffers - ansminimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- ;maintain constancy of pH
carbohydrate - ansorganic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; commonly called sugars and
starches
carbon dioxide (CO2) - ansinvolved in cellular respiration; produced as a waste product during the breakdown
of complex nutrients and also serves an important role in maintaining the appropriate acid-base balance in the
, body
catabolism - anschemical reactions that break down complex compounds into simpler ones and release energy
chaperones - ansany of a group of globular proteins that are present in every body cell and direct the
intracellular steps required for other proteins to achieve the often twisted and convoluted shape required for
them to function
chemical bonds - ansenergy relationship joining two or more atoms; involves sharing or exchange of electrons
chemical reaction - ansinteraction between two or more atoms that occurs as a result of activity between
electrons in their outermost energy levels
chemistry - ansscience of the structure and interactions of matter
compounds - anschemical combination of two or more elements
covalent bond - ansformed by sharing of electron pairs between atoms
decay - ansemition of nuclear particles and radiation
decomposition reaction - ansbreaking down of a substance into two or more simpler substances
AB -> A + B
dehydration synthesis - ansanabolic process by which molecules are joined to form larger molecules; often
called condensation reaction because it joins molecules together into a denser mass
denatures - ansto alter the shape of a protein by a change in pH, heat, or some other manner to change its
chemical properties
