Straighterline Introduction to Philosophy
Final Study
"I don't agree with Jones when she says we should wait for a trial, and I'll tell you why. I don't
approve of letting someone get away with murder! That's why I say let's hang him now!" What
fallacy does this most clearly illustrate? - ANS -Red Herring
\According to Absolute Idealism, what is the relationship between being real and being
knowable? - ANS -All reality is knowable
\According to Confucius, this principle governs both the well-ordered family and the well-ordered
state. - ANS -The principle of the Mean.
\According to John Stuart Mill, why should we seek to raise the general happiness rather than
just our own? - ANS -By its very nature morality must assume the perspective of an impartial
spectator.
\According to Leibniz, what is the sufficient reason for the changing of the seasons? - ANS
-God.
\According to logical atomism, what does the world ultimately consist of? - ANS -Atomic facts
\According to Mary Wollstonecraft, which of the following virtues should be cultivated in women
as well as men? - ANS -wisdom
\According to Nancy Chodorow, why do boys often become isolated, separate, and misogynist?
- ANS -Society requires that boys break personal identification with the mother in order to
positionally identify with male gender roles imposed by society.
\According to the epistemological foundationalist, when is a belief knowledge? - ANS -When it
logically follows from other beliefs that cannot be doubted.
\According to Theano, what did Pythagoras claim? - ANS -Everything is in accordance with
number.
\According to Val Plumwood, how does the rationalistic framework view the human self? - ANS
-As autonomous, separate, and egoistic.
\Anne Conway advocated what sort of metaphysics? - ANS -Monadology
\Antirepresentationalists like Richard Rorty always deny this claim. - ANS -True beliefs
somehow picture or mirror reality.
\Aristotle's primary area of interest was - ANS -metaphysics.
\Aristotle's works include all of the following except: - ANS -Nicomachean Ethics
\Critical theory is associated with which philosopher? - ANS -Jürgen Habermas
\For French structuralist anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss, what is a culture? - ANS -A system
of signs.
\Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic must all of Descartes arguments for
God possess? - ANS -They must yield conclusions that are absolutely certain.
\Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic would Hume insist that any argument
for God possess? - ANS -It must be based on sensory experience.
\How are the Forms apprehended, according to Plato? - ANS -By reason.
, \How can we give life purpose in a purposeless world, according to Camus? - ANS -Rebel
against the absurd.
\How did mystical experience compare with reason as a source of knowledge about God,
according to Julian of Norwich? - ANS -It is as valid a source of knowledge as reason is.
\How did St. Thomas Aquinas distinguish philosophy from theology? - ANS -Philosophy is
based on reason while theology is based on divine revelation and faith.
\How do feminists like Andrea Dworkin and Ctharine MacKinnon define pornography? - ANS
-Media that both equates sex and violence against women, and endorses it.
\How is goodness apprehended, according to Plato? - ANS -By reason.
\How many souls did Aristotle believe humans have? - ANS -three
\How was Edmund Husserl's philosophy similar to Descartes'? - ANS -He too sought to achieve
rational certainty by grounding the truth in a deeper source.
\If you want to say what a thing is, which of Aristotle's four causes must you provide? - ANS
-The formal cause.
\In philosophy, what is an argument? - ANS -Giving reasons for a belief.
\In terms of what did G. E. Moore define goodness? - ANS -Tricky! He claimed that it can't be
defined.
\In what does human happiness consist, according to Aristotle? - ANS -All of the above
\In which of the following was the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional
established? - ANS -Marbury v. Madison
\John Stuart Mill believed that - ANS -one should seek general happiness.
\Karl Marx viewed history as the struggle between two classes. What are they? - ANS -A
dominant class that owns and controls the means of production and a subordinate class that
doesn't.
\Modern linguistics is based on the work of which philosopher? - ANS -Ferdinand de Saussure
\Phenomenology originated from which of the following distinctions? - ANS -Kant's distinction
between the phenomenal and the noumenal world.
\St. Augustine rejected this Neoplatonic claim. - ANS -The highest reality is the One, an
impersonal, indefinable, and indescribable god.
\St. Thomas Aquinas's first three ways are all versions of which sort of argument? - ANS
-Cosmological
\The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value judgments is known as: -
ANS -metaethics
\The just or well-ordered soul manifests which virtue, according to Plato? - ANS -Wisdom
\What are people naturally like, according to Thomas Hobbes? - ANS -They are fundamentally
selfish.
\What are Thales, Anaximenes and Anaximander collectively known as? - ANS -The Milesians
\What determines the meaning of a proposition, according to the logical positivists? - ANS -The
possible observations that would verify it.
\What did Anaxagoras do? - ANS -He introduced the matter\mind distinction to philosophy.
\What did Anselm believe about proving God's existence? - ANS -You could do it using just the
concept of God as the greatest being conceivable.
\What did Aquinas maintain concerning the human soul? - ANS -It is a direct creation of God.
\What did Aristotle say about all change? - ANS -It is a movement from potentiality to actuality.
Final Study
"I don't agree with Jones when she says we should wait for a trial, and I'll tell you why. I don't
approve of letting someone get away with murder! That's why I say let's hang him now!" What
fallacy does this most clearly illustrate? - ANS -Red Herring
\According to Absolute Idealism, what is the relationship between being real and being
knowable? - ANS -All reality is knowable
\According to Confucius, this principle governs both the well-ordered family and the well-ordered
state. - ANS -The principle of the Mean.
\According to John Stuart Mill, why should we seek to raise the general happiness rather than
just our own? - ANS -By its very nature morality must assume the perspective of an impartial
spectator.
\According to Leibniz, what is the sufficient reason for the changing of the seasons? - ANS
-God.
\According to logical atomism, what does the world ultimately consist of? - ANS -Atomic facts
\According to Mary Wollstonecraft, which of the following virtues should be cultivated in women
as well as men? - ANS -wisdom
\According to Nancy Chodorow, why do boys often become isolated, separate, and misogynist?
- ANS -Society requires that boys break personal identification with the mother in order to
positionally identify with male gender roles imposed by society.
\According to the epistemological foundationalist, when is a belief knowledge? - ANS -When it
logically follows from other beliefs that cannot be doubted.
\According to Theano, what did Pythagoras claim? - ANS -Everything is in accordance with
number.
\According to Val Plumwood, how does the rationalistic framework view the human self? - ANS
-As autonomous, separate, and egoistic.
\Anne Conway advocated what sort of metaphysics? - ANS -Monadology
\Antirepresentationalists like Richard Rorty always deny this claim. - ANS -True beliefs
somehow picture or mirror reality.
\Aristotle's primary area of interest was - ANS -metaphysics.
\Aristotle's works include all of the following except: - ANS -Nicomachean Ethics
\Critical theory is associated with which philosopher? - ANS -Jürgen Habermas
\For French structuralist anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss, what is a culture? - ANS -A system
of signs.
\Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic must all of Descartes arguments for
God possess? - ANS -They must yield conclusions that are absolutely certain.
\Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic would Hume insist that any argument
for God possess? - ANS -It must be based on sensory experience.
\How are the Forms apprehended, according to Plato? - ANS -By reason.
, \How can we give life purpose in a purposeless world, according to Camus? - ANS -Rebel
against the absurd.
\How did mystical experience compare with reason as a source of knowledge about God,
according to Julian of Norwich? - ANS -It is as valid a source of knowledge as reason is.
\How did St. Thomas Aquinas distinguish philosophy from theology? - ANS -Philosophy is
based on reason while theology is based on divine revelation and faith.
\How do feminists like Andrea Dworkin and Ctharine MacKinnon define pornography? - ANS
-Media that both equates sex and violence against women, and endorses it.
\How is goodness apprehended, according to Plato? - ANS -By reason.
\How many souls did Aristotle believe humans have? - ANS -three
\How was Edmund Husserl's philosophy similar to Descartes'? - ANS -He too sought to achieve
rational certainty by grounding the truth in a deeper source.
\If you want to say what a thing is, which of Aristotle's four causes must you provide? - ANS
-The formal cause.
\In philosophy, what is an argument? - ANS -Giving reasons for a belief.
\In terms of what did G. E. Moore define goodness? - ANS -Tricky! He claimed that it can't be
defined.
\In what does human happiness consist, according to Aristotle? - ANS -All of the above
\In which of the following was the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional
established? - ANS -Marbury v. Madison
\John Stuart Mill believed that - ANS -one should seek general happiness.
\Karl Marx viewed history as the struggle between two classes. What are they? - ANS -A
dominant class that owns and controls the means of production and a subordinate class that
doesn't.
\Modern linguistics is based on the work of which philosopher? - ANS -Ferdinand de Saussure
\Phenomenology originated from which of the following distinctions? - ANS -Kant's distinction
between the phenomenal and the noumenal world.
\St. Augustine rejected this Neoplatonic claim. - ANS -The highest reality is the One, an
impersonal, indefinable, and indescribable god.
\St. Thomas Aquinas's first three ways are all versions of which sort of argument? - ANS
-Cosmological
\The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value judgments is known as: -
ANS -metaethics
\The just or well-ordered soul manifests which virtue, according to Plato? - ANS -Wisdom
\What are people naturally like, according to Thomas Hobbes? - ANS -They are fundamentally
selfish.
\What are Thales, Anaximenes and Anaximander collectively known as? - ANS -The Milesians
\What determines the meaning of a proposition, according to the logical positivists? - ANS -The
possible observations that would verify it.
\What did Anaxagoras do? - ANS -He introduced the matter\mind distinction to philosophy.
\What did Anselm believe about proving God's existence? - ANS -You could do it using just the
concept of God as the greatest being conceivable.
\What did Aquinas maintain concerning the human soul? - ANS -It is a direct creation of God.
\What did Aristotle say about all change? - ANS -It is a movement from potentiality to actuality.
