CCI ECHO REVIEW || WITH 100% PERFECT
ANSWERS.
In PLAX, which TV leaflets are seen? correct answers Anterior and medial/ septal
Posterior can only be seen in RVIT plax
The coronary Arteries come off the? correct answers Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the structure under the arch? correct answers Right Pulmonary Artery
The formula for calculating EF is: correct answers EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume correct answers EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? correct answers End -systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? correct answers Can be seen in Apical 4 chamber
w/inferior angulation.
How do you bring in the RVIT in PLAX? correct answers Angle Medial and Inferior from Aortic
Root. TV
How do you bring in the RVOT in PLAX? correct answers Angle Lateral and Superior from
Aortic root. PV
Where is the Chiari Network located? correct answers RA
Where is the aortic isthmus located? correct answers Area between the left subclavian and the
ductus arteriosus(where most coarctations occur)Sinus of Valsalva is the most common area of
dissections).
The ____ is the most anterior chamber of the heart? correct answers RV
Pulmonary artery is _____, _____ correct answers anterior, superior
The Eustachian valve is located in the? correct answers IVC
Can you see the moderator band in the PLAX? correct answers No- Moderator band is located in
the RV
Where does the moderator band extend? correct answers From the lower intraventricular septum
to the anterior wall where it joins the papillary muscle.
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral Valve? correct
answers Posterior
,Also psterior medial papillary muscle
Single blood supply to posterior wall
The heart tube normally loops? correct answers Anterior and to the right
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta correct answers The
coronary sinus is located anterior to the descending aorta. If the coronary sinus is dilated, it can
be mistaken for the descending aorta.
How would you angle to view the coronary sinus in the apical four chamber view? correct
answers From the apical four chamber you you would angle inferior in order to visualize the
coronary sinus, which is located posterior to the mitral annulus.
Why is it important to know the location of the coronary sinus and the descending aorta? correct
answers Pericardial Effusions lie posterior to the coronary sinus and anterior to the descending
aorta.
Pleural effusions lie posterior to the descending aorta.
What is another name for the RVOT? correct answers Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in the parasternal long axis view? correct answers The
coronary sinus lies in the posterior AV groove. This groove is located between the LA and LV
walls and lies posterior to be MV. In the parasternal long axis view, the coronary sinus can
sometimes be seen as a small echo free circle.
What would cause the coronary sinus to become dilated? correct answers The coronary sinus
dialates due to increased pressure in the RA, increased flow to coronary sinus.
Describe the anatomy of the tricuspid valve, including the name and location if each leaflet.
correct answers Location is between the Right atria and right ventricle.
It has three leaflets: anterior, posterior, and medial or (septal) leaflets.
The names reflect the anatomical relationship to the right ventricle. The medial leaflet is
connected to the septal wall. It's insertion is located closer to the cardiac apex than that of the
anterior mitral valve leaflet.
Name and describe two main layers of the pericardium? correct answers Often referred to as 2
main layers as visceral and parietal. This visceral layer lies directly upon external surface of the
heart and is commonly referred as the epicardium. The parietal or fibrous pericardium is the
thick outer sac. Pericardial cavity lies between the two layers.
Anatomically 3 layers are: serous visceral, serous parietal, fibrous pericardium.
Name the three major coronary arteries. correct answers The three major coronary arteries are
the right, left ant descending (LAD), and the circumflex arteries
,The heart tube loops _______ at day ____ correct answers The heart tube loops ANTERIORLY
and RIGHTWARD at day 22
The AV canal is a large communication between the __________ and ________ correct answers
Primitive atria and primitive ventricle
The ________ divides the AV canal into right and left AV orifices correct answers Endocardial
cushions
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth due to increased systemic pressure and becomes the
_______ correct answers Ligamentum arteriosum
What are the two Right to Left shunts in the normal fetal circulation? correct answers Foreman
ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Following electrical depolarization of the myocardial cell membrane, which ion rushes in first
and which ion rushes in later? correct answers Sodium is a rest
* Calcium is 2nd and responsible for contraction
Where is a subaortic membrane (DSS) located? correct answers just below the Aortic Valve
Tricuspid Valve leaflets seen in the PSAX-Aortic valve correct answers Medial (septal)
Anterior
Name the cardiac walls supplied by each of the coronary arteries. correct answers Normally, the
major coronary arteries supply the cardiac walls as follows (based on the ASE 17 segment
model):
right coronary artery
a) inferior wall
b) inferoseptal
c) right ventricular apex
d) right ventricular free wall.
**RIGHT= inferior, septals, right
Left anterior descending artery - LAD correct answers a) anterior wall
b) anteroseptal
c) left ventricular apex
**LEFT = anterior, apical, left
Circumflex artery correct answers a) anterior lateral wall
b) inferolateral wall
CIRC = laterals
What walls do the LAD supply? correct answers Anterior IVS, Anterior Left Ventricle and Apex
, What walls do the CX supply? correct answers Anterolateral and inferolateral
What walls do the Posterior descending artery supply? correct answers Inferior Left Ventricle,
Inferior Right Ventricle and Inferior IVS
The LAD lies in the _______ interventricular sulcus? correct answers anterior
walls and coronary artery circulation on PLAX?. correct answers 1. anterior RVOT - RCA
2. anterior IVS - LAD
3. inferolateral - CX/RCA
walls and coronary artery circulation on PSAX? correct answers 1. anterior IVS - LAD
2. anterior - LAD
3. anterolateral - CX/LAD
4. inferolateral - CX/RCA
5. inferior - Posterior descending
6. inferior IVS - Posterior descending /LAD
walls and coronary artery circulation A4? correct answers 1. anterolateral - CX/LAD
2. apex - LAD
3. inferior IVS - LAD/RCA
4. lateral Right Ventricle - RCA
walls and coronary artery circulation Apical 2 Ch? correct answers 1. anterior - LAD
2. apex - LAD
3. inferior - Posterior descending artery (of the RCA)
The circumflex artery supplies? correct answers anterolateral and inferolateral walls
The Posterior descending artery ( of the right coronary artery) supplies? correct answers inferior
Left Ventricle, inferior Right Ventricle and inferior IVS
The anterior septum and anterior wall of the Left Ventricle is supplied by the? correct answers
LAD
The anterolateral, lateral and inferolateral walls of the Left Ventricle are supplied by the? correct
answers Circumflex
The inferior wall of the Left Ventricle and inferior septum are supplied by the? correct answers
Posterior descending artery
The cardiac apex is supplied by the? correct answers LAD
Which coronary artery provides blood to the Right Ventricle? correct answers RCA
ANSWERS.
In PLAX, which TV leaflets are seen? correct answers Anterior and medial/ septal
Posterior can only be seen in RVIT plax
The coronary Arteries come off the? correct answers Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the structure under the arch? correct answers Right Pulmonary Artery
The formula for calculating EF is: correct answers EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume correct answers EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? correct answers End -systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? correct answers Can be seen in Apical 4 chamber
w/inferior angulation.
How do you bring in the RVIT in PLAX? correct answers Angle Medial and Inferior from Aortic
Root. TV
How do you bring in the RVOT in PLAX? correct answers Angle Lateral and Superior from
Aortic root. PV
Where is the Chiari Network located? correct answers RA
Where is the aortic isthmus located? correct answers Area between the left subclavian and the
ductus arteriosus(where most coarctations occur)Sinus of Valsalva is the most common area of
dissections).
The ____ is the most anterior chamber of the heart? correct answers RV
Pulmonary artery is _____, _____ correct answers anterior, superior
The Eustachian valve is located in the? correct answers IVC
Can you see the moderator band in the PLAX? correct answers No- Moderator band is located in
the RV
Where does the moderator band extend? correct answers From the lower intraventricular septum
to the anterior wall where it joins the papillary muscle.
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral Valve? correct
answers Posterior
,Also psterior medial papillary muscle
Single blood supply to posterior wall
The heart tube normally loops? correct answers Anterior and to the right
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta correct answers The
coronary sinus is located anterior to the descending aorta. If the coronary sinus is dilated, it can
be mistaken for the descending aorta.
How would you angle to view the coronary sinus in the apical four chamber view? correct
answers From the apical four chamber you you would angle inferior in order to visualize the
coronary sinus, which is located posterior to the mitral annulus.
Why is it important to know the location of the coronary sinus and the descending aorta? correct
answers Pericardial Effusions lie posterior to the coronary sinus and anterior to the descending
aorta.
Pleural effusions lie posterior to the descending aorta.
What is another name for the RVOT? correct answers Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in the parasternal long axis view? correct answers The
coronary sinus lies in the posterior AV groove. This groove is located between the LA and LV
walls and lies posterior to be MV. In the parasternal long axis view, the coronary sinus can
sometimes be seen as a small echo free circle.
What would cause the coronary sinus to become dilated? correct answers The coronary sinus
dialates due to increased pressure in the RA, increased flow to coronary sinus.
Describe the anatomy of the tricuspid valve, including the name and location if each leaflet.
correct answers Location is between the Right atria and right ventricle.
It has three leaflets: anterior, posterior, and medial or (septal) leaflets.
The names reflect the anatomical relationship to the right ventricle. The medial leaflet is
connected to the septal wall. It's insertion is located closer to the cardiac apex than that of the
anterior mitral valve leaflet.
Name and describe two main layers of the pericardium? correct answers Often referred to as 2
main layers as visceral and parietal. This visceral layer lies directly upon external surface of the
heart and is commonly referred as the epicardium. The parietal or fibrous pericardium is the
thick outer sac. Pericardial cavity lies between the two layers.
Anatomically 3 layers are: serous visceral, serous parietal, fibrous pericardium.
Name the three major coronary arteries. correct answers The three major coronary arteries are
the right, left ant descending (LAD), and the circumflex arteries
,The heart tube loops _______ at day ____ correct answers The heart tube loops ANTERIORLY
and RIGHTWARD at day 22
The AV canal is a large communication between the __________ and ________ correct answers
Primitive atria and primitive ventricle
The ________ divides the AV canal into right and left AV orifices correct answers Endocardial
cushions
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth due to increased systemic pressure and becomes the
_______ correct answers Ligamentum arteriosum
What are the two Right to Left shunts in the normal fetal circulation? correct answers Foreman
ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Following electrical depolarization of the myocardial cell membrane, which ion rushes in first
and which ion rushes in later? correct answers Sodium is a rest
* Calcium is 2nd and responsible for contraction
Where is a subaortic membrane (DSS) located? correct answers just below the Aortic Valve
Tricuspid Valve leaflets seen in the PSAX-Aortic valve correct answers Medial (septal)
Anterior
Name the cardiac walls supplied by each of the coronary arteries. correct answers Normally, the
major coronary arteries supply the cardiac walls as follows (based on the ASE 17 segment
model):
right coronary artery
a) inferior wall
b) inferoseptal
c) right ventricular apex
d) right ventricular free wall.
**RIGHT= inferior, septals, right
Left anterior descending artery - LAD correct answers a) anterior wall
b) anteroseptal
c) left ventricular apex
**LEFT = anterior, apical, left
Circumflex artery correct answers a) anterior lateral wall
b) inferolateral wall
CIRC = laterals
What walls do the LAD supply? correct answers Anterior IVS, Anterior Left Ventricle and Apex
, What walls do the CX supply? correct answers Anterolateral and inferolateral
What walls do the Posterior descending artery supply? correct answers Inferior Left Ventricle,
Inferior Right Ventricle and Inferior IVS
The LAD lies in the _______ interventricular sulcus? correct answers anterior
walls and coronary artery circulation on PLAX?. correct answers 1. anterior RVOT - RCA
2. anterior IVS - LAD
3. inferolateral - CX/RCA
walls and coronary artery circulation on PSAX? correct answers 1. anterior IVS - LAD
2. anterior - LAD
3. anterolateral - CX/LAD
4. inferolateral - CX/RCA
5. inferior - Posterior descending
6. inferior IVS - Posterior descending /LAD
walls and coronary artery circulation A4? correct answers 1. anterolateral - CX/LAD
2. apex - LAD
3. inferior IVS - LAD/RCA
4. lateral Right Ventricle - RCA
walls and coronary artery circulation Apical 2 Ch? correct answers 1. anterior - LAD
2. apex - LAD
3. inferior - Posterior descending artery (of the RCA)
The circumflex artery supplies? correct answers anterolateral and inferolateral walls
The Posterior descending artery ( of the right coronary artery) supplies? correct answers inferior
Left Ventricle, inferior Right Ventricle and inferior IVS
The anterior septum and anterior wall of the Left Ventricle is supplied by the? correct answers
LAD
The anterolateral, lateral and inferolateral walls of the Left Ventricle are supplied by the? correct
answers Circumflex
The inferior wall of the Left Ventricle and inferior septum are supplied by the? correct answers
Posterior descending artery
The cardiac apex is supplied by the? correct answers LAD
Which coronary artery provides blood to the Right Ventricle? correct answers RCA
