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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Banas
(i (i (i (i (i
ik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
(i (i (i
MULTIPLE CHOICE ( i
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a ph
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
aryngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysp
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
hagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, a
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
nd joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescri
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
bed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
(i (i (i (i (i (i
a. a sore throat. (i (i
b. streptococcal infection. (i
c. genetic susceptibility. (i
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B ( i
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is t
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
he manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to de
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
velop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestati
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
on of the disease process.
(i (i (i (i
2. A 17-year-old college-
(i (i
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an exa
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
mple of (i
a. primary prevention. (i
b. secondary prevention. (i
c. tertiary prevention. (i
d. disease treatment. (i
ANS: A ( i
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is t
( i ( i ( i ( i ( i (i ( i ( i (i ( i ( i
he early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes reha
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
bilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functionin
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
g. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
(i (i (i ( i (i (i (i (i (i
a. primary prevention. (i
b. secondary prevention. (i
c. tertiary prevention. (i
d. disease treatment. (i
ANS: B ( i
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Primary pre
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
vention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible i
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
ndividuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to allev
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i (i
iate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
disease once it has developed. (i (i (i (i
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium int
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
ake. This is an example of
(i (i (i (i (i
a. primary prevention. (i
b. secondary prevention. (i
c. tertiary prevention. (i
d. disease treatment. (i
ANS: B ( i
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, su
(i (i ( i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
ch as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (
iof disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary pr
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
evention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and resto
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
re effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it ha
( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i (i
s developed.
(i
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
lowering medication. This is an example of ( i (i (i (i (i (i
a. primary prevention. (i
b. secondary prevention. (i
c. tertiary prevention. (i
d. disease treatment. (i
ANS: C ( i
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disabilit
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
y and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by alt
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
ering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is t
( i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
he early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves mana
( i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
gement of the disease once it has developed.
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of thi
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
s disease. This stage of illness is called the
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B ( i
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubati
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
on (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicatin
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
g the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and n
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
ausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refers to subsequent
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i (i
pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a dis
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i (i (i
ease, injury, or surgical operation.
(i (i (i (i
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
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ANS: B ( i
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that sp
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
reads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographi
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
c regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease distribution
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
pattern.
8. In (i general, with aging, organ size and function
(i (i (i (i (i (i
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. (i (i
d. are unknown. (i
ANS: B ( i
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well est
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
ablished, is referred to as (i (i (i (i
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B ( i
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well est
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
ablished, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or, in t
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
he case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome, ref
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i (i (i
ers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Convalesce
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
nce is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
MULTIPLE RESPONSE ( i
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
(Select all that apply.) (i (i (i
a. gender difference. (i
b. situational factors. (i
c. normal variation. (i
d. cultural variation. (i
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E ( i (i (i (i
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood cel
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
l count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
( i ( i (i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. (i
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Banas
(i (i (i (i (i
ik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
(i (i (i
MULTIPLE CHOICE ( i
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a ph
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
aryngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysp
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
hagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, a
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
nd joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescri
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
bed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
(i (i (i (i (i (i
a. a sore throat. (i (i
b. streptococcal infection. (i
c. genetic susceptibility. (i
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B ( i
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is t
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
he manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to de
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
velop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestati
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
on of the disease process.
(i (i (i (i
2. A 17-year-old college-
(i (i
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an exa
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
mple of (i
a. primary prevention. (i
b. secondary prevention. (i
c. tertiary prevention. (i
d. disease treatment. (i
ANS: A ( i
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is t
( i ( i ( i ( i ( i (i ( i ( i (i ( i ( i
he early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes reha
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
bilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functionin
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
g. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
(i (i (i ( i (i (i (i (i (i
a. primary prevention. (i
b. secondary prevention. (i
c. tertiary prevention. (i
d. disease treatment. (i
ANS: B ( i
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Primary pre
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
vention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible i
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
ndividuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to allev
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i (i
iate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
disease once it has developed. (i (i (i (i
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium int
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
ake. This is an example of
(i (i (i (i (i
a. primary prevention. (i
b. secondary prevention. (i
c. tertiary prevention. (i
d. disease treatment. (i
ANS: B ( i
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, su
(i (i ( i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
ch as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (
iof disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary pr
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
evention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and resto
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
re effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it ha
( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i (i
s developed.
(i
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
lowering medication. This is an example of ( i (i (i (i (i (i
a. primary prevention. (i
b. secondary prevention. (i
c. tertiary prevention. (i
d. disease treatment. (i
ANS: C ( i
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disabilit
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
y and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by alt
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
ering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is t
( i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
he early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves mana
( i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
gement of the disease once it has developed.
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of thi
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
s disease. This stage of illness is called the
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B ( i
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubati
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
on (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicatin
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
g the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and n
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
ausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refers to subsequent
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i (i
pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a dis
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i (i (i
ease, injury, or surgical operation.
(i (i (i (i
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
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ANS: B ( i
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that sp
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
reads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographi
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
c regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease distribution
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
pattern.
8. In (i general, with aging, organ size and function
(i (i (i (i (i (i
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. (i (i
d. are unknown. (i
ANS: B ( i
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well est
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
ablished, is referred to as (i (i (i (i
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B ( i
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well est
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i
ablished, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i
agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or, in t
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
he case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome, ref
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i ( i (i (i (i
ers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Convalesce
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
nce is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
MULTIPLE RESPONSE ( i
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
(Select all that apply.) (i (i (i
a. gender difference. (i
b. situational factors. (i
c. normal variation. (i
d. cultural variation. (i
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E ( i (i (i (i
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood cel
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
l count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
( i ( i (i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i ( i
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
(i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i (i
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. (i
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
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