Domestic abuse
Domestic abuse is defined as an incident of violence, threat or abuse
between people who are over 16. These people have been or are intimate
partners or family members. Domestic abuse is the most common type of
crime reported, even so, less than 24% of domestic abuse crimes are
reported meaning, this shows how severe it is in terms of crime.
There are many types of domestic abuse categories including physical or
sexual abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, harassment or stalking,
economic abuse, and coercive control. Although all these types of domestic
abuse forms are common, last year in England and Wales, the most reported
domestic abuse was by a partner or ex-partner. From those who experienced
partner abuse, 74% dealt with emotional and psychological abuse, 12%
experienced sexual assault and 14% experienced stalking and harassment.
Offenders of domestic abuse are most commonly partners (and former
partners), family members or carers. Whilst abuse can happen to anyone,
women are the most frequent victims and men are typically the most
frequent abusers. Statistics show that 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men have
experienced some form of physical abuse from a partner, this shows that
women are typically more likely to experience domestic abuse.
Newly, domestic abuse has been growing in public awareness and there has
been an increased focus on reporting, investigating, protecting, and
prosecuting. Woman’s aid is a federation working to provide life-saving
services in England and to build a future to those affected by domestic
abuse. Woman’s aid majorly focuses women as the victim, this helps to show
other women going through domestic abuse that they should feel confident
enough to speak up about it as their story could massively help others.
Although this does encourage women to feel secure, it does not shine a light
on men who go through domestic abuse meaning that they may not become
more aware of what they are going through.
Domestic abuse is both deviant and criminal because not only does it break
the law, but the actions of domestic abuse also break social norms.
Hate crime
Hate crime is a crime (typically involving violence and harm) primarily
motivated by prejudice based on disability, race, sexual orientation, gender,
religion, and other grounds. Last year in England and Wales 155841 cases
were reported involving hate crimes, this is a 26% increase compared to the
, previous year. This increase is massive meaning hate crime is getting more
common.
There are many types of offences involving hate crime including physical
assault, verbal abuse, incitement hatred or damage to property. All these
forms of hate crime are very common. However, last year the most reported
hate crimes were motivated by a person's race. On the other hand, the least
commonly reported hate crime is against transgender identity. This does not
mean that cases reported do not involved ante crime directed at transgender
identity, it just means that it is the least common cause as to why people
commit a hate crime.
Offenders of a hate crime can be anyone who holds a prejudice towards a
group of the group which the victim belongs in. However, 80000 people are
imprisoned for committing a hate crime, 3000 of those people are women.
This shows that men are most likely to show hostility towards someone who
falls within the categories offenders usually target. Victims, however, can be
anyone who has any of the protected characteristics.
Hate crime has been growing in public awareness, due to an increase in
media interest, particularly on social media. There has also been an
increased focus on reporting, investigating, and prosecuting hate crimes.
This can help victims speak up about their experience.
Hate crime is both deviant and criminal because not only does it break the
law, but the actions involved in a hate crime also break social norms.
Honour crime
Honour-based crime is a crime/incident which is committed in order to
protect or defend the ‘honour’ of a family or a community. This crime is
committed due to the belief that some kind of shame has been brought to a
family or community due to the actions of a certain individual or certain
groups of people. Compared to hate crime, honour crime is not very common
in England and Wales. Last year there were 2887 crimes reported.
There are many types of offences involving HBV including sexual violence,
murder, verbal abuse, intimidation, manipulation, harassment, abduction,
rape, forced marriage and disfiguration. Although all these forms of honour
crime are common, last year the highest number of offences involved
coercive and controlling behavior which was 17%, following behind was
assault with injury with 14% and without injury which was also 14%.
Offenders of domestic abuse are most commonly family members, partners
and anyone involved within their community. Typically, male members of the