Question Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3
Treaty of Hyperinflation Proportional
Versailles and the representation
• The government Occupation of •The use of
signed the TOV which the Ruhr proportional
meant that they had •The failure to pay representation in
->to pay £6.6 billion in reparations led to the Reichstag elections
reparations invasion of the Ruhr meant that it was
->lose 13% of their by French occupation difficult to create
Explain why the land and 10% of its which contained 80% stable governments
Weimar Republic population of German coal, iron, that could deal with
was unpopular in -> The army was and steel reserves. Germany’s problems
the years 1919-23 reduced to 100,000 •This led to Germany and gain the support
->Had to take full into more debt and of the people.
blame for WW1, hardships leading to • Coalitions frequently
which was utterly Hyperinflation which argued and fell apart;
embarrassing for the meant that normal between 1919 and 23,
nation, especially the living became nine coalition
nationalists impossible governments were
•This hit the hardest formed.
on those with savings
as they became
worthless.
Spartacists Freikorps The Kapp
• The KPD had 400,000 • These were ex- Putsch
members and 33 daily soldiers who were •In March 1920,
newspapers angry about the “stab Freikorps units
• On January 4, 1919, in the back” as they stationed near Berlin
Ebert dismissed Emil believed the German were set to be
Eichhorn, a figure military wasn’t fully disbanded.
popular with the defeated. •Fearing
workers, which unemployment, they
• There were 250,000
triggered mass protests
Friekorps by March turned against the
the following day.
1919. Republic.
• The Spartacists saw
• They were a threat • A group of 5,000
this unrest as a chance
Explain why the to topple the as they had weapons armed men marched
Weimar Republic government and with them and acted on Berlin, led by
organized a strike in violently Wolfgang Kapp
faced challenges
Berlin on January 6. • Most of them were • The government
from
Around 100,000 right-wing and couldn’t suppress the
Left and Right
workers joined the strongly opposed the uprising by force and
protest. communist called for a general
• They seized control of • On 16 January, strike, which many
government-run Luxemburg and workers supported.
newspapers and Liebknecht were • After four days, Kapp
telegraph offices, arrested and killed by realized he couldn’t
causing the Weimar to Freikorps officers due maintain control, fled,
struggle to maintain to Ebert’s command. but was eventually
control. captured and
imprisoned.
, Rentenmark Dawes Plan Improvement in
• In November 1923, (1924) work
Stresemann •Temporarily reduced •Factories using newly
established a new Germany’s reparations developed
bank that issued a payments to more mechanization and
currency called the manageable annual assembly techniques
Rentenmark. levels, so enabling a were constructed, so
• The supply of more stable transforming
Rentenmarks was environment for production.
strictly limited. economic recovery. •Workers spent more
•Their value was tied •Under the Dawes money because they
to the price of Gold Plan US loans boosted generally received
Explain why the • In August 1924, the German economy better wages during
German economy control of the by providing this period.
recovered in the currency was investment to •A lower number of
years 1924–29. transferred to the stimulate industry. strikes taking place
newly independent • They loaned and the removal of
Reichsbank, which $25billion between French soldiers from
renamed it the 1924-30 the Ruhr, meant that
Reichsmark. industrial production
• Many people began increased.
to trust the new
currency, leading to
the end of
hyperinflation;
however, it could not
compensate those
who had suffered
significant losses.
The Locarno The League of Kellogg-Briand
Pact Nations Pact
• On December 1, • Germany was at the •In August 1928,
1925, Stresemann start was excluded Germany and 61 other
signed the Locarno from The League of countries signed this
Explain why Pact, a treaty involving Nations, however, Pact.
Stresemann's Germany, Britain, Stresemann • This made sure that
foreign policy were France, Italy, and persuaded to allow these states would not
important for Belgium. Germany to a member start a war to achieve
Germany's •Germany •This was successful foreign policy.
recovery in foreign acknowledged its new
but not all political • This showed that
relations during 1919 border with
parties agreed Germany was treated
France, while France
the Weimar • For some, this equally and not
committed to
Republic. represented the controlled by them.
maintaining peace with
Germany. despised Treaty of
•Stresemann saw this Versailles.
as a key achievement • However it did
that reduced the risk reduce the risk of wars
of war and boosted and other future
German confidence. issues.
Treaty of Hyperinflation Proportional
Versailles and the representation
• The government Occupation of •The use of
signed the TOV which the Ruhr proportional
meant that they had •The failure to pay representation in
->to pay £6.6 billion in reparations led to the Reichstag elections
reparations invasion of the Ruhr meant that it was
->lose 13% of their by French occupation difficult to create
Explain why the land and 10% of its which contained 80% stable governments
Weimar Republic population of German coal, iron, that could deal with
was unpopular in -> The army was and steel reserves. Germany’s problems
the years 1919-23 reduced to 100,000 •This led to Germany and gain the support
->Had to take full into more debt and of the people.
blame for WW1, hardships leading to • Coalitions frequently
which was utterly Hyperinflation which argued and fell apart;
embarrassing for the meant that normal between 1919 and 23,
nation, especially the living became nine coalition
nationalists impossible governments were
•This hit the hardest formed.
on those with savings
as they became
worthless.
Spartacists Freikorps The Kapp
• The KPD had 400,000 • These were ex- Putsch
members and 33 daily soldiers who were •In March 1920,
newspapers angry about the “stab Freikorps units
• On January 4, 1919, in the back” as they stationed near Berlin
Ebert dismissed Emil believed the German were set to be
Eichhorn, a figure military wasn’t fully disbanded.
popular with the defeated. •Fearing
workers, which unemployment, they
• There were 250,000
triggered mass protests
Friekorps by March turned against the
the following day.
1919. Republic.
• The Spartacists saw
• They were a threat • A group of 5,000
this unrest as a chance
Explain why the to topple the as they had weapons armed men marched
Weimar Republic government and with them and acted on Berlin, led by
organized a strike in violently Wolfgang Kapp
faced challenges
Berlin on January 6. • Most of them were • The government
from
Around 100,000 right-wing and couldn’t suppress the
Left and Right
workers joined the strongly opposed the uprising by force and
protest. communist called for a general
• They seized control of • On 16 January, strike, which many
government-run Luxemburg and workers supported.
newspapers and Liebknecht were • After four days, Kapp
telegraph offices, arrested and killed by realized he couldn’t
causing the Weimar to Freikorps officers due maintain control, fled,
struggle to maintain to Ebert’s command. but was eventually
control. captured and
imprisoned.
, Rentenmark Dawes Plan Improvement in
• In November 1923, (1924) work
Stresemann •Temporarily reduced •Factories using newly
established a new Germany’s reparations developed
bank that issued a payments to more mechanization and
currency called the manageable annual assembly techniques
Rentenmark. levels, so enabling a were constructed, so
• The supply of more stable transforming
Rentenmarks was environment for production.
strictly limited. economic recovery. •Workers spent more
•Their value was tied •Under the Dawes money because they
to the price of Gold Plan US loans boosted generally received
Explain why the • In August 1924, the German economy better wages during
German economy control of the by providing this period.
recovered in the currency was investment to •A lower number of
years 1924–29. transferred to the stimulate industry. strikes taking place
newly independent • They loaned and the removal of
Reichsbank, which $25billion between French soldiers from
renamed it the 1924-30 the Ruhr, meant that
Reichsmark. industrial production
• Many people began increased.
to trust the new
currency, leading to
the end of
hyperinflation;
however, it could not
compensate those
who had suffered
significant losses.
The Locarno The League of Kellogg-Briand
Pact Nations Pact
• On December 1, • Germany was at the •In August 1928,
1925, Stresemann start was excluded Germany and 61 other
signed the Locarno from The League of countries signed this
Explain why Pact, a treaty involving Nations, however, Pact.
Stresemann's Germany, Britain, Stresemann • This made sure that
foreign policy were France, Italy, and persuaded to allow these states would not
important for Belgium. Germany to a member start a war to achieve
Germany's •Germany •This was successful foreign policy.
recovery in foreign acknowledged its new
but not all political • This showed that
relations during 1919 border with
parties agreed Germany was treated
France, while France
the Weimar • For some, this equally and not
committed to
Republic. represented the controlled by them.
maintaining peace with
Germany. despised Treaty of
•Stresemann saw this Versailles.
as a key achievement • However it did
that reduced the risk reduce the risk of wars
of war and boosted and other future
German confidence. issues.
