nursing health care
Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition 2023 EXAM NEW LATEST UPDATE 100%
RATED pass!!!! {42 CHAPTERS LATEST!!!}
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have
•
supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by
the student? a. A single circular chromosome
A nucleus
•
Free-floating nuclear material
•
No organelles
•
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF: p. 2
A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the
•
nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
nutrients to energy?
Metabolic
•
absorption
Commu
•
nication
Secretion
•
Respiration
•
ANS: D NURSINGTB.COM
, The cell s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
’
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most
•
of the genetic information be contained?
Mitochondria
•
Ribosome
•
Nucleolus
•
Nucleus Cytoplasm
•
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is
located within the cell s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration,
’
while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling
that is a component of the cell.
REF: p. 2
Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell s bilayer by dissolving the layer
•
’
itself?
Peripheral membrane proteins
•
Integral membrane proteins
•
Glycoproteins
•
Cell adhesion molecules
•
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of
integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins
reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane.
Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
REF: p. 7
, Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
•
Oxygen
•
Ribosomes
•
Amphipathic lipids
•
Ligands
•
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
REF: p. 9
A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
•
extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?a.
NURSINGTB.C
OM
Decreased fibronectin
Increased collagen
•
Decreased elastin
•
Increased glycoproteins
•
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells,
allowing them to travel or metastasize.
REF: p. 10
Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
•
a. Cell junction
Gap junction
•
Desmosome
•
Tight junction
•
ANS: A
, Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
junctions are associated with cellular communication.
REF: p. 11
Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
•
neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling
types? a. Paracrine
Autocrine
•
Neurohormonal
•
Hormonal
•
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 12
In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
•
solute.
•
substrate.
•
receptor.
•
ribosome.
•
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a
product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction
between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
REF: p. 16
Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition 2023 EXAM NEW LATEST UPDATE 100%
RATED pass!!!! {42 CHAPTERS LATEST!!!}
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have
•
supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by
the student? a. A single circular chromosome
A nucleus
•
Free-floating nuclear material
•
No organelles
•
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF: p. 2
A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the
•
nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
nutrients to energy?
Metabolic
•
absorption
Commu
•
nication
Secretion
•
Respiration
•
ANS: D NURSINGTB.COM
, The cell s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
’
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most
•
of the genetic information be contained?
Mitochondria
•
Ribosome
•
Nucleolus
•
Nucleus Cytoplasm
•
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is
located within the cell s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration,
’
while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling
that is a component of the cell.
REF: p. 2
Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell s bilayer by dissolving the layer
•
’
itself?
Peripheral membrane proteins
•
Integral membrane proteins
•
Glycoproteins
•
Cell adhesion molecules
•
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of
integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins
reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane.
Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
REF: p. 7
, Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
•
Oxygen
•
Ribosomes
•
Amphipathic lipids
•
Ligands
•
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
REF: p. 9
A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
•
extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?a.
NURSINGTB.C
OM
Decreased fibronectin
Increased collagen
•
Decreased elastin
•
Increased glycoproteins
•
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells,
allowing them to travel or metastasize.
REF: p. 10
Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
•
a. Cell junction
Gap junction
•
Desmosome
•
Tight junction
•
ANS: A
, Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
junctions are associated with cellular communication.
REF: p. 11
Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
•
neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling
types? a. Paracrine
Autocrine
•
Neurohormonal
•
Hormonal
•
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 12
In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
•
solute.
•
substrate.
•
receptor.
•
ribosome.
•
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a
product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction
between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
REF: p. 16
