Brain And Behavior Exam 4 Questions
With Correct Detailed Answers.
whole-animal manipulations - ANSWER- Determine how an environmental condition
affects brain and behaviors
EX: Diet, exercise, sensory stimulation, drug usage, social interactions
Brain Lesions - ANSWER- Remove or destroy neural tissue to observe behavioral
changes
EX: Knife cuts, electrolytic lesions, neurotoxic lesions (chemical)
(Manipulation)
Brain Lesions, temporary and reversible - ANSWER- Short-term silencing of neural
tissue to observe behavioral changes
EX: Regional Cooling to arrest synaptic transmission, delivery of an agonist for GABA
through a cannula to increase local inhibition
(manipulation)
Genetic Lesions - ANSWER- Remove genetic material
EX: knockout technology
(manipulation)
Genetic stimulation - ANSWER- Add genetic material
EX: knock-in technology
(manipulation)
Drug manipulations - ANSWER- Determine receptor systems role in the CNS
EX: Use drugs to activate (Agonists) or inactivate (Antagonists) a receptor system.
Electrical and magnetic stimulation - ANSWER- Excite tissue activity
EX: DBS, TMS
(manipulation)
Optogenetics - ANSWER- Use light to activate specific ion channels and relate to
behavior
, EX: insertion of specific light-sensitive proteins
(manipulation)
Chemogenetics - ANSWER- Use specific synthetic drugs to activate designer receptors
EX: insertion of specific G protein-couples receptors
(manipulation)
Behavioral Analysis - ANSWER- Observe behavior; generate tests to allow people and
lab animals to demonstrate behavioral capacities
EX: Naturalistic observation, tests, mazes
(Measure)
Tissue Analysis - ANSWER- Identify cell types and connections; identify disease states
EX: Stains
(measure)
Record electrical and magnetic activity - ANSWER- Measure action potentials from
individual neurons; measure graded potentials to assess coordinated activity of
thousands of neurons; measure magnetic fields
EX: Single cell recording, EEG, ERP, MEG
(measure)
Anatomical brain imaging - ANSWER- Noninvasive examination of brain structures
EX: Miniature microscopes, X-ray, CT, MRI, DTI
Functional brain imaging - ANSWER- Measure brain activity as specific behaviors are
performed
EX: fMRI, fNIRS, MRS, PET
(measure)
In vivo chemistry - ANSWER- Relate fluctuations in transmitter release to behavior
EX: HPLC, micro-dialysis, voltammetry
(measure)
Genetics - ANSWER- Determine presence of a gene and its products
EX: DNA, RNA, protein analysis
(measure)
With Correct Detailed Answers.
whole-animal manipulations - ANSWER- Determine how an environmental condition
affects brain and behaviors
EX: Diet, exercise, sensory stimulation, drug usage, social interactions
Brain Lesions - ANSWER- Remove or destroy neural tissue to observe behavioral
changes
EX: Knife cuts, electrolytic lesions, neurotoxic lesions (chemical)
(Manipulation)
Brain Lesions, temporary and reversible - ANSWER- Short-term silencing of neural
tissue to observe behavioral changes
EX: Regional Cooling to arrest synaptic transmission, delivery of an agonist for GABA
through a cannula to increase local inhibition
(manipulation)
Genetic Lesions - ANSWER- Remove genetic material
EX: knockout technology
(manipulation)
Genetic stimulation - ANSWER- Add genetic material
EX: knock-in technology
(manipulation)
Drug manipulations - ANSWER- Determine receptor systems role in the CNS
EX: Use drugs to activate (Agonists) or inactivate (Antagonists) a receptor system.
Electrical and magnetic stimulation - ANSWER- Excite tissue activity
EX: DBS, TMS
(manipulation)
Optogenetics - ANSWER- Use light to activate specific ion channels and relate to
behavior
, EX: insertion of specific light-sensitive proteins
(manipulation)
Chemogenetics - ANSWER- Use specific synthetic drugs to activate designer receptors
EX: insertion of specific G protein-couples receptors
(manipulation)
Behavioral Analysis - ANSWER- Observe behavior; generate tests to allow people and
lab animals to demonstrate behavioral capacities
EX: Naturalistic observation, tests, mazes
(Measure)
Tissue Analysis - ANSWER- Identify cell types and connections; identify disease states
EX: Stains
(measure)
Record electrical and magnetic activity - ANSWER- Measure action potentials from
individual neurons; measure graded potentials to assess coordinated activity of
thousands of neurons; measure magnetic fields
EX: Single cell recording, EEG, ERP, MEG
(measure)
Anatomical brain imaging - ANSWER- Noninvasive examination of brain structures
EX: Miniature microscopes, X-ray, CT, MRI, DTI
Functional brain imaging - ANSWER- Measure brain activity as specific behaviors are
performed
EX: fMRI, fNIRS, MRS, PET
(measure)
In vivo chemistry - ANSWER- Relate fluctuations in transmitter release to behavior
EX: HPLC, micro-dialysis, voltammetry
(measure)
Genetics - ANSWER- Determine presence of a gene and its products
EX: DNA, RNA, protein analysis
(measure)
